Figure 2.
(A) Complementary oligonucleotides were covalently coupled to the surfaces of different cells by click chemistry. (B–E) Two non-adherent cell types were mixed, and did not aggregate if their surfaces were modified with: (B) no oligonucleotides, (C) non-complementary oligonulceotides. However, specific aggregation was observed if the cell surfaces were modified with complementary oligonucleotides (D&E) . (F) Aggregation of DAPI stained cells (blue), with the central cell modified with fluorescein-conjugated oligonucleotides (green). (G) 3D reconstruction of an aggregate of Texas Red-labeled (red) and fluorescein-labeled cells (green). From Gartner ZJ, Bertozzi CR. “Programmed assembly of 3-dimensional microtissues with defined cellular connectivity”, Proceedings of the National Academies of Science, USA, 106:4606–10. Copyright 2009 to the authors, permission for reuse not required.