. 2023 Feb 22;10(1):e000776. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000776

Table 2.

Gut microbiota in mouse models of lupus

Mice	Main results compared with control mice	Correlation with severity of lupus symptoms		References
Mice	Main results compared with control mice	+	–	References
MRL/lpr	↑ Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae ↓ Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium	Lachnospiraceae Rikenellaceae	Lactobacillaceae	40
MRL/lpr	↑ Blautia, Ruminococcus torques ↓ Desulfovibrio			65
SNF1	↑ Bacteroidetes ↑Turicibacter and Lactobacillus reuteri in mice given acidic pH water Acidic pH water has accelerated nephric damage.	Bacteroidetes Rikenellaceae		79
SNF1	↓ Verrucomicrobia, Dysgonomonas ↑ Bacteroides, Parabacteroides Gender-specific difference in gut microbiota at adult age			41
MRL/lpr	↓ Lactobacillales		Lactobacillus (correct the leaky gut and improve renal function)	13
MRL/lpr	↑ Bacteroidetes ↓ Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae Reduction in microbial diversity Butyrate treatment ameliorates kidney damage			104
NZB/W F1	↑ Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Dehalobacterium, Oscillospira, Dorea, Bilophila and AF12 (Ruminococcaceae) ↓ Akkermansia muciniphila and Anaerostipes	Lactobacillus		46
NZW×BXSB F1	↑ Enterococcus gallinarum	E. gallinarum		68
TLR7-dependent spontaneous and induced mice	↑ L. reuteri	L. reuteri (increase plasmocytoid dendritic cell and interferon response)		47
TC lupus prone	↑Turicibacter ↓ Alistipes (Rickenellaceae) and Lactobacillus FMT from lupus mice to GF mice induces anti-dsDNA antibodies and immune response.			14
TC lupus prone	↑ Prevotellaceae, Paraprevotelle, Lactobacillus			105

↑, increased; ↓, decreased; +, positively correlated with disease, −, negatively correlated with disease.

dsDNA, anti-double stranded DNA; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; GF, germ-free; lpr, lymphoproliferation; MRL, Murphy Roths Large; NZB/W, New Zealand black/white; SNF1, sucrose non-fermenting 1; TC, transchromosomic; TLR, toll-like receptor.