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. 1998 Sep;5(5):597–603. doi: 10.1128/cdli.5.5.597-603.1998

TABLE 2.

Cytokine changes in HIV infection

Cytokine Levels in plasma/seruma In vivo cytokine gene expressionb In vitro response to stimulation
IL-2 NM ↓PBMC ↓
N CD4
IFN-γ ↑ ↑PBMC ↓
↑CD8
IL-4 Low N PBMC ?
IL-10 NM N PBMC ↑
TNF-α ↑ ↑PBMC and Mφ ↑
IL-6 ↑ ↑PBMC and Mφ ↑
IL-12 NM ? ↓
a

NM, Not measurable (or uncertain). 

b

Specific cytokine mRNA levels in lymphoid cells and monocytes. N, normal range; Mφ, macrophage.