TABLE 1.
Percent change to sleep and alcohol use patterns during DST transitions and on holidays and their eves compared to baseline.
| Sleep duration in hrs (n = 24,250) | Sleep consistency (0–100) (n = 24,250) | Sleep onset (hh:mm) (n = 24,250) | Sleep offset (hh:mm) (n = 24,250) | Alcohol use (% of users) (n = 13,904) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holiday | Mean | Error | Mean | Error | Mean | Error | Mean | Error | Mean | Error |
| Memorial Day Eve | 3.339 | 0.269 | 2.611 | 0.265 | 16.95 | 1.18 | 33.10 | 1.133 | 26.35 | 3.255 |
| Memorial Day | −0.336 | 0.232 | 1.403 | 0.256 | −3.87 | 1.04 | −3.98 | 1.08 | 70.62 | 5.95 |
| Independence Day Eve | 1.830 | 0.267 | 1.346 | 0.285 | 11.02 | 1.23 | 19.04 | 1.31 | 7.80 | 2.37 |
| Independence Day | 1.864 | 0.275 | 1.150 | 0.287 | 23.52 | 1.29 | 31.06 | 1.31 | 16.82 | 2.16 |
| Labor Day Eve | 4.165 | 0.275 | 3.668 | 0.273 | 18.51 | 1.24 | 39.43 | 1.36 | 33.54 | 3.54 |
| Labor Day | 0.363 | 0.252 | −2.112 | 0.286 | −7.66 | 1.13 | −5.73 | 1.22 | 53.10 | 5.90 |
| Columbus Day Eve | 1.083 | 0.241 | −0.597 | 0.274 | −0.89 | 1.26 | 1.95 | 1.32 | 5.12 | 3.16 |
| Columbus Day | 0.021 | 0.222 | 0.171 | 0.249 | −3.74 | 1.20 | −6.74 | 1.32 | 4.43 | 4.47 |
| Fall Back DST Transition | 4.907 | 0.287 | −6.104 | 0.298 | 15.36 | 1.58 | 38.27 | 2.77 | 9.47 | 0.85 |
| Veterans Day Eve | 1.048 | 0.234 | 2.258 | 0.236 | −10.50 | 1.48 | −5.92 | 1.61 | −3.03 | 3.76 |
| Veterans Day | 0.191 | 0.227 | 3.198 | 0.239 | −14.75 | 2.26 | −21.24 | 2.57 | 3.34 | 3.87 |
| Thanksgiving Eve | 3.451 | 0.227 | −2.812 | 0.269 | 15.20 | 3.26 | 30.85 | 3.60 | 53.48 | 4.72 |
| Thanksgiving Day | 5.245 | 0.284 | −3.989 | 0.277 | 8.33 | 2.60 | 34.09 | 2.72 | 98.44 | 5.37 |
| Christmas Eve | −0.034 | 0.301 | −5.001 | 0.301 | 38.08 | 4.49 | 40.33 | 5.00 | 111.56 | 6.23 |
| Christmas Day | 5.059 | 0.283 | −1.616 | 0.294 | 15.67 | 3.47 | 44.75 | 3.76 | 37.18 | 3.10 |
| New Year’s Eve | −2.476 | −0.316 | −13.844 | 0.345 | 88.87 | 3.22 | 78.13 | 3.13 | 137.98 | 6.80 |
| New Year’s Day | 4.831 | 0.278 | −6.284 | 0.306 | 22.57 | 3.74 | 48.67 | 3.93 | −9.86 | 2.48 |
| Martin Luther King Jr. Day Eve | 3.092 | 0.257 | 0.064 | 0.263 | 4.04 | 2.41 | 15.01 | 2.61 | 2.48 | 3.21 |
| Martin Luther King Jr. Day | 0.312 | 0.224 | 0.618 | 0.247 | −9.64 | 1.56 | −12.48 | 1.59 | −1.28 | 4.33 |
| Presidents’ Day Eve | 1.836 | 0.262 | −0.269 | 0.273 | 1.94 | 1.61 | 10.51 | 2.86 | 21.67 | 3.61 |
| Presidents’ Day | 0.710 | 0.240 | 0.328 | 0.255 | −8.00 | 178 | −6.60 | 2.60 | 24.93 | 5.56 |
| Spring Ahead DST Transition | −0.777 | 0.286 | −0.288 | 0.313 | 15.19 | 1.53 | 13.24 | 1.58 | −0.52 | 0.89 |