Table 4.
Factors associated with long COVID syndrome by fitting univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses
| Parameters | OR (95%CI) | p | AOR (95%CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 2.78 (1.68–4.62) | <0.0001 | 3.32 (1.78–6.17) | <0.0001 |
| Age, 10 years older | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 0.001 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.01 |
| O2 therapy: | ||||
| No O2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| O2 therapy low–high flows | 0.67 (0.38–1.19) | 0.17 | 0.39 (0.19–0.82) | 0.44 |
| CPAP/NIV/IOT | 0.97 (0.55–1.71) | 0.91 | 0.67 (0.29–1.55) | 0.85 |
| LOS, each day more | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.28 | 0.998 (0.97–1.03) | 0.92 |
| Comorbidities: | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.35 (0.86–2.11) | 0.19 | 1.05 (0.597–1.84) | 0.87 |
| Smoking: | ||||
| Active | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unknown | 0.13 (0.03–0.52) | 0.004 | 0.16 (0.04–0.75) | 0.31 |
| Never | 0.61 (0.37–0.997) | 0.05 | 0.56 (0.31–1.01) | 0.41 |
| Former | 0.36 (0.14–0.96) | 0.04 | 0.19 (0.06–0.62) | 0.002 |
| BMI: | ||||
| ≥30 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Unknown | 0.29 (0.096–0.91) | 0.03 | 0.13 (0.30–0.53) | 0.03 |
| <30 | 0.55 (2.27–5.06) | 0.02 | 0.55 (0.31–0.98) | 0.28 |
| Time from symptoms onset to virological clearance, each day more | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.64 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.47 |
Each variable is mutually adjusted.
Outcome, long COVID syndrome. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; OTI, orotracheal intubation; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; LOS, length of hospital stay; BMI, body mass index.