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. 2021 Aug 9;11:685059. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685059

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Insulin and oleic acid (OA) synergistically promoted the proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. (A) Heatmap of common dysregulated metabolites found in both colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) based on reported metabolomics data. (B) OA promoted the proliferation of HCT116 in FBS-free condition. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with control. (C) Cell viability of HCT116 in insulin (50 nM) environment. X axis represents the concentration of OA. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared with OA. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 compared with INS. (D) Combination index analysis of insulin (50 nM) and OA (50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 μM). CI < 0.85 defines an antagonistic effect, CI > 1.15 a synergistic effect, and CI 0.85–1.15 a nearly additive effect. (E) Wound healing assay to investigate the migration ability of HCT116 under insulin and OA alone or in combination treatments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 compared with OA; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 compared with INS.