Table 2: Effects of Lipid-lowering and Anti-inflammatory Drugs on LDL Cholesterol, High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Mayor Cardiovascular Events.
| Drug | Study | Target | Event Reduction* | Overall/CV Death Reduction† | Adverse Events‡ | LDL-C Reduction | Hs-CRP Reduction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statins | PROVE-IT[47] | HMG-CoA reductase | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Statins+ezetimibe | IMPROVE-IT[64] | Multiple | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Evolocumab | FOURIER[25] | PCSK9 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Alirocumab | ODYSSEY[89] | PCSK9 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Bococizumab | SPIRE 1 and SPIRE 2[24] | PCSK9 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Canakinumab | CANTOS[76] | IL-1β | Yes | Yes§ | Yes|| | No | Yes |
| Colchicine | COLCOT and LoDoCo/2[80–82] | NLRP3 | Yes | No | No | No | Yes¶,**,†† |
*Reduction of combined primary endpoint. †Reduction of overall or cardiovascular death as endpoints. ‡Severe or fatal adverse events. §In cytokine responders: patients with hs-CRP <2 mg/l after 3-month therapy with canakinumab. ||Risk of fatal infection and sepsis (canakinumab [3 groups] versus placebo). ¶No reduction in hs-CRP levels in COLCOT study (sub-analysis limited to 207 patients)[82] and no data regarding hs-CRP in LoDoCo study.[80] **Relative reduction of 60% in hs-CRP levels with colchicine in CAD patients with baseline hs-CRP ≥2 mg/l.[83,84] ††Significant hs-CRP levels reduction with colchicine in LoDoCo2 proteomic substudy.[85] CV = cardiovascular; HMG-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA; Hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C = LDL cholesterol; NRLP3 = NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; PCSK9 = pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.