Table 2.

NFE2L2 activators.

Compound	Effect	Model	Reference
Isothiocyanate sulforaphane	Activates KEAP-NFE2L2-ARE pathway Inhibits mitochondrial fission	RPE-1 cells	O'Mealey et al. (2017)
Dimethyl fumarate	NFE2L2 activator Neuroprotection	Primary microglias NFE2L2 gene modified mice	Lastres-Becker et al. (2016)
RS9	NFE2L2 activator Autophagy induction	ARPE-19 cells	Saito et al. (2018)
RTA408	Activates NFE2L2 Prevents apoptosis	Primary human RPE cells	Liu et al., 2016
Glycyrrhizin	Increases expression of NFE2L2 and HO-1	ARPE-19 cells C57BL/6 mice	He et al. (2019)
Fucoxanthin	Suppress VEGF production Resists senescence Improves phagocytosis Reduces ROS production	ARPE-19 cells Rabbit model	Liu et al. (2016c)
Lutein	Activates NFE2L2	ARPE-19 cells9	Frede et al. (2017)
Lycopene	Inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B Activates NFE2L2	ARPE-19 cells	Yang et al. (2016)
Zeaxanthin	Improves anti-oxidant capacity Prevent cell death	ARPE-19 cells	Zou et al. (2014)
Astaxanthin	Reduces ROS production Activates KEAP-NFE2L2-ARE pathway Prevents apoptosis	ARPE-19 cells	Li et al. (2013)
Fisetin	Attenuates inflammation	ARPE-19 cells Primary human RPE cells	Hytti et al. (2015) Hytti et al. (2017)
Pinosylvin	Protects against oxidative stress	ARPE-19 cells	Koskela et al., 2014
PF06409577	Activates AMPK Protects from UV radiation	ARPE-19 cells	Li et al. (2018)
AICAR	Activates autophagy Decreases protein aggregation	ARPE-19 cells	Viiri et al. (2013) Marchesi et al. (2018)