Table 2.
General characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristic | Patients | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n=100) | Stable CAD (n=100) | ACS (n=102) | P1 | P2 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 57.39±7.69 | 58.32±8.39 | 59.74±9.67 | 0.415 | 0.057 | 0.415 |
| Male | 43 | 51 | 68 | 0.321 | 0.001 | 0.321 |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 12 | 55 | 51 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 | 29 | 23 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 0 | 12 | 12 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Clinical parameters | ||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.04±0.84 | 3.73±0.99 | 3.92±1.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.76, 1.33) | 1.45 (0.83, 2.02) | 1.16 (0.84, 1.98) | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.60±0.35 | 1.05±0.27 | 1.04±0.26 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.42±0.54 | 2.01±0.70 | 2.18±0.75 | <0.001 | 0.016 | <0.001 |
| Apo-A1 (g/L) | 1.65±0.21 | 1.49±0.24 | 1.41±0.28 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Apo-B (g/L) | 0.89±0.17 | 0.84±0.19 | 0.86±0.20 | 0.112 | 0.291 | 0.112 |
| LP(a) (mg/L) | 90.45±88.38 | 176.21±204.23 | 166.20±170.11 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| AST (IU/L) | 25.00 (22.00, 29.00) | 22.00 (17.00, 30.00) | 28.00 (18.25, 59.50) | 0.017 | 0.001 | 0.017 |
| CK(IU/L) | 113.77±64.89 | 76.68±38.63 | 294.60±493.64 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CKMB (IU/L) | 7.16±4.86 | 13.51±9.98 | 31.59±53.90 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 205.11±142.39 | 183.10±52.55 | 250.59±120.35 | 0.297 | 0.336 | 0.297 |
| HBDH (IU/L) | 127.05±22.99 | 119.05±27.98 | 182.22±108.70 | 0.046 | <0.001 | 0.046 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 4.06 (2.41, 6.11) | 3.36 (1.30, 8.25) | 6.52 (2.84, 17.17) | 0.138 | <0.001 | 0.138 |
| HCY (µmol/L) | 12.10 (9.90, 14.80) | 13.00 (8.65, 15.97) | 15.40 (11.05, 20.20) | 0.974 | 0.023 | 0.974 |
| CysC (mg/L) | 0.60±0.09 | 0.65 (0.56,0.73) | 0.63±0.20 | <0.001 | 0.052 | <0.001 |
| GSP (mmol/L) | 2.60±0.274 | 2.77±0.54 | 1.73±1.07 | 0.014 | <0.001 | 0.014 |
| SOCS3 (fold change) | 1.00±1.04 | 0.84±0.83 | 0.75±0.68 | 0.040 | 0.005 | 0.040 |
| HP (fold change) | 1.00±0.70 | 0.54±0.73 | 0.73±0.72 | 0.001 | 0.048 | 0.001 |
P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. P 1 value: CAD vs. controls comparison. P2 value: ACS vs. controls comparison. ACS - acute coronary syndrome; CAD - coronary artery disease; apo-A1 - apolipoprotein A1; apo-B - apolipoprotein B; AST - aspartate aminotransferase; CK - creatine kinase; CKMB - creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes; CysC - cystatin C; GSP - glycated serum protein; HBDH - hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; HCY - homocysteine; HDL-C - high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HP - haptoglobin; hs-CRP - high sensitivity C reactive protein; LDH - lactate dehydrogenase; LDL-C - low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LP(a) - lipoprotein a; SOCS3 - suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; TC - total cholesterol; TG – triglyceride