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. 2020 Sep 15;11:1922. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01922

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Copyright © 2020 Harms, Ostlund, Cabrera, Edwards, Fisher and Sarvetnick.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Elevated IL-18BPa among T1D subjects, while other cytokines show similar abundance. (A–C) We observed that IL-7, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels were more-or-less similar among T1D subjects and controls. (D,E). We were unable to detect TNF α and IL-17A in the majority of our subjects. (F) The chemokine macrophage derived chemokine (MDC) was similarly abundant among T1D subjects and controls. (G,H) While IL-18 levels were roughly equivalent between the two groups, elevated IL-18BPa levels were observed among the T1D group in relation to control. (I) Although IL-18BPa was elevated, the ratio of IL-18BPa to IL-18 was similar among T1D subjects and controls. Bars represent median.