Table 3.
Within-person associations between adolescents’ use of Instagram and well-being.
| Categorical associations Use versus no use (N participants = 60; N assessments = 2,112) |
Dose–response associations Duration of use (N participants = 60; N assessments = 1,075) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 3A Fixed effects |
Model 3B Random effects |
Model 4A Fixed effects |
Model 4B Random effects |
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| B | (SE) | p | β | B | (SE) | p | B | (SE) | p | β | B | (SE) | p | |
| Fixed part | ||||||||||||||
| Intercept | 5.64 | (.10) | < .001 | 7.89 | 5.64 | (.10) | < .001 | 5.69 | (.10) | < .001 | 7.62 | 5.69 | (.10) | < .001 |
| Assessment (WP) | .08 | (.04) | .031 | .09 | .08 | (.04) | .033 | .05 | (.05) | .347 | .09 | .05 | (.05) | .276 |
| Passive use (WP) | .15 | (.07) | .027 | .14 | .15 | (.07) | .041 | .03 | (.07) | .695 | .14 | .06 | (.07) | .440 |
| Active use (WP) | .14 | (.09) | .137 | .13 | .13 | (.09) | .164 | .05 | (.06) | .428 | .06 | .01 | (.07) | .879 |
| Random part | ||||||||||||||
| σ2 residual (WP) | 1.18 | (.11) | < .001 | 1.17 | (.10) | < .001 | 1.11 | (.12) | < .001 | 1.07 | (.12) | < .001 | ||
| σ2 between-person (BP) | .54 | (.08) | < .001 | .54 | (.08) | < .001 | .47 | (.08) | < .001 | .47 | (.08) | < .001 | ||
| σ2 passive use (BP) | .02 | (.05) | .335 | .06 | (.04) | .068 | ||||||||
| σ2 active use (BP) | .05 | (.07) | .217 | .04 | (.04) | .142 | ||||||||
| Model fit | ||||||||||||||
| Deviance | 6,503.54 | 6,501.67 | 3,287.59 | 3,279.66 | ||||||||||
| AIC | 6,515.54 | 6,517.67 | 3,299.59 | 3,295.33 | ||||||||||
| BIC | 6,549.48 | 6,562.91 | 3,329.47 | 3,335.17 | ||||||||||
| Chi2 (df) | 1.37 (2) | .503 | 19.92 (2) | < .001 | ||||||||||
For investigating the categorical associations, the passive and active use predictors were dummy coded (passive use: 0 = no passive use of Instagram; 1 = passive use of Instagram; and active use: 0 = no active use of Instagram; 1 = active use of Instagram, respectively). WP = within-person; BP = between-person. All predictors were person-mean centered. Models for the duration of use only include assessments during which participants had used Instagram, either actively or passively. p-values of the fixed part of the model are two-sided, p-values of the random part of the model are one-sided.