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. 2020 Jun 19;5(10):1154–1163. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2488

Table 2. Association of Risk Factors With Out-of-Hospital Nontraumatic Cardiac Arrests in the COVID-19 Period vs 1 Year Beforea.

Risk factor Main analysisb Sensitivity analysis peak periodc
OR (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value
Age (per 10 y) 1.12 (1.07-1.18) <.001 1.16 (1.05-1.27) .003
Sex
Female 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Male 0.92 (0.79-1.06) .25 1.05 (0.79-1.39) .74
Race/ethnicity
White 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Asian 1.43 (1.08-1.91) .01 1.82 (1.01-3.28) .05
Black 1.90 (1.57-2.29) <.001 1.91 (1.33-2.74) <.001
Hispanic 2.06 (1.68-2.52) <.001 2.28 (1.54-3.37) <.001
Mixed 1.96 (1.52-2.53) <.001 1.99 (1.21-3.28) .007
Medical history
Cardiac disease 0.72 (0.61-0.86) <.001 0.67 (0.49-0.93) .02
Hypertension 1.28 (1.09-1.50) .002 1.27 (0.94-1.73) .12
Diabetes 1.45 (1.23-1.71) <.001 1.81 (1.31-2.51) <.001
Renal disease 0.79 (0.60-1.03) .08 0.64 (0.39-1.06) .09
Asthma/COPD 0.78 (0.64-0.95) .02 0.67 (0.45-0.99) .05
Cancer 0.72 (0.56-0.92) .009 0.59 (0.37-0.94) .03
CVA 0.70 (0.52-0.94) .02 0.74 (0.41-1.32) .30
Physical limitations 1.27 (1.09-1.49) .002 1.38 (1.03-1.86) .04
Presenting rhythmd
Ventricular rhythmse 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Asystole 3.50 (2.53-4.84) <.001 5.37 (3.01-9.58) <.001
PEA 1.99 (1.31-3.02) .001 2.77 (1.29-5.91) .009

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; OR, odds ratio; PEA, pulseless electrical activity.

a

Study population used for these estimates includes only those out-of-hospital cardiac arrests who received resuscitation by emergency medical services.

b

Covers March 1 to April 25, 2019 (comparison period) and 2020 (COVID-19 period).

c

Covers March 29 to April 11, 2019 (comparison period) and 2020 (COVID-19 period).

d

Presenting rhythm data were only collected for those out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in which an advanced life support unit was first on the scene; however, an unclassified category was added for missing data to bolster model observations.

e

Ventricular rhythms include ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.