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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Cell Res. 2020 Mar 21;391(1):111973. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111973

Table 1. Frequency and efficiency of non-AUG start codon utilization in bacterial and eukaryotic cells from selected sources.

Observed frequency of non-AUG start codon occupancy by ribosome profiling in (A) retapamulin-treated bacterial cells15 and (B) lactidomycin-treated human and mouse cells16. Efficiency of non-AUG start codon use, expressed as percentage AUG efficiency, in (C) a GFP reporter gene assay inside living bacterial cells17 and (D) a firefly luciferase reporter gene assay in Neurospora crassa18.

A U C A G B U C A G
U 0.04% NR 0.04% NR U U 0.22% 0.08% NR NR U
0.09% NR 0.02% NR C 0.29% 0.13% 0.23% NR C
0.06% NR 0.02% NR A 0.09% 0.09% 0.01% NR A
5.62% NR NR NR G 4.17% 0.13% <0.01% NR G
C NR NR NR NR U C 0.05% 0.11% NR 0.07% U
NR NR NR 0.02% C 0.25% 0.16% 0.25% 0.42% C
0.02% NR 0.06% NR A 0.16% 0.28% 0.07% 0.12% A
3.12% 0.02% NR NR G 15.44% 0.29% 0.51% 0.11% G
A 6.18% NR 0.02% 0.02% U A 3.05% 0.13% NR 0.04% U
4.12% 0.06% 0.04% 0.04% C 2.71% 0.42% 0.32% 0.18% C
0.02% 0.06% 0.13% 0.06% A 1.29% 0.17% 1.34% 0.15% A
69.47% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% G 49.76% 3.89% 1.00% 0.91% G
G NR 0.02% NR 0.02% U G NR 0.22% NR 0.10% U
NR NR NR NR C 0.25% 0.49% 0.31% 0.39% C
0.07% 0.02% 0.02% NR A 0.12% 0.32% 0.31% 0.31% A
10.40% 0.06% 0.02% 0.02% G 7.17% 0.38% 0.44% 0.10% G
C U C A G D U C A G
U 0.10% 0.11% 0.58% 0.07% U U NR NR NR NR U
0.05% 0.07% 0.10% 0.07% C NR NR NR NR C
0.18% 0.08% 0.09% 0.08% A NR NR NR NR A
63.99% 0.11% 0.10% 0.17% G 8.30% NR NR NR G
C 0.04% 0.05% 0.39% 0.07% U C NR NR NR NR U
0.08% 0.10% 0.11% 0.08% C NR NR NR NR C
0.11% 0.06% 0.06% 0.06% A NR NR NR NR A
2.72% 0.05% 0.05% 0.06% G 18.20% NR NR NR G
A 1.92% 0.12% 0.35% 0.08% U A 5.90% NR NR NR U
1.03% 0.11% 0.08% 0.07% C 2.90% NR NR NR C
1.84% 0.10% 0.10% 0.09% A 5.20% NR NR 0.01% A
100.00% 0.42% 0.05% 0.10% G 100.00% 4.50% 0.01% 0.02% G
G 0.55% 0.13% 0.34% 0.17% U G NR NR NR NR U
0.15% 0.07% 0.15% 0.11% C NR NR NR NR C
0.63% 0.15% 0.43% 0.37% A NR NR NR NR A
121.84% 0.26% 0.23% 0.23% G 11.40% NR NR NR G