Figure 3. The process of ferroptosis.
The ferroptotic response is characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, resulting in the formation of lipid peroxides. Increased iron not only triggers the Fenton reaction to produce ROS, but also increases the activity of iron-containing enzymes (e.g., ALOX), which contributes to lipid peroxidation. The activation of the GPX4, AIFM2, or ESCRT-III pathways can limit or repair the oxidation of PUFAs that result from the activation of the ACSL4-LPCAT3-ALOX pathway. See also Table S1.