Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Variables | PD all (NM‐MRI only) | PD with MFs | PD without MFs | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 35 | n = 14, 40% | n = 21, 60% | ||
| Age (years) | 60 ± 13 | 56 ± 11 | 64 ± 13 | NS** |
| Males, no. (%) | 23 (66) | 8 (57) | 15 (71) | NS* |
| Handedness, right (%) | 35 (100) | 14 (100) | 21 (100) | NS* |
| LD (mg) | 413 ± 260 | 574 ± 200 | 308 ± 244 | 0.002** |
| LEDD (mg) | 743 ± 383 | 1046 ± 320 | 540 ± 271 | <0.001** |
| Disease duration (years) | 7.56 ± 4.06 | 10.7 ± 3.21 | 5.57 ± 3.98 | <0.001** |
| H&Y stage | 2.09 ± 1.20 | 2.58 ± 1.13 | 1.80 ± 1.03 | 0.016** |
| UPDRS III | 17.0 ± 11.3 | 25.0 ± 10.8 | 14.0 ± 9.73 | 0.004** |
| NM‐SNc (pixels) | 46 (22.3–79.7) | 20.0 (14.8–36.0) | 65.5 (46.0–100) | <0.0001** |
| Age at onset (years) | 54.1 ± 14.4 | 45.9 ± 10.6 | 59.0 ± 14.2 | 0.004** |
| Variables | PD (DaT‐SPECT and NM‐MRI) | PD with MFs | PD without MFs | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 23 | n = 10, 44% | n = 13, 56% | ||
| Age (years) | 61 ± 16 | 55 ± 11 | 66 ± 17 | N.S.** |
| Males, no. (%) | 14 (61) | 4 (40) | 10 (76) | N.S.* |
| Handedness, right (%) | 23 (100) | 10 (100) | 13 (100) | N.S.* |
| LD (mg) | 432 ± 229 | 535 ± 181 | 354 ± 238 | 0.04** |
| LEDD (mg) | 762 ± 329 | 1009 ± 245 | 572 ± 252 | <0.001** |
| Disease duration (years) | 8.39 ± 3.98 | 10.5 ± 2.92 | 6.77 ± 4.02 | 0.02** |
| H&Y stage | 2.13 ± 1.22 | 2.50 ± 1.08 | 1.84 ± 1.28 | NS** |
| UPDRS III | 20.1 ± 12.6 | 26.2 ± 11.5 | 15.3 ± 11.6 | 0.04** |
| NM‐SNc (pixels) | 44 (19.8–61.6) | 19.8 (15.1–35.6) | 54.8 (45.5–91.1) | <0.0001** |
| SBR | 2.4 (1.69–3.15) | 1.98 (1.63–2.52) | 2.84 (1.68–2.52) | NS** |
| Age at onset (years) | 52.6 ± 16.0 | 44.8 ± 9.93 | 58.61 ± 17.5 | 0.02** |
DaT‐SPECT, dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography; H&Y stage, Hoehn and Yahr stage; LD, levodopa daily dose; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MFs, motor fluctuations; NM‐MRI, neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging; NM‐SNc, neuromelanin‐positive substantia nigra pars compacta area; PD, Parkinson's disease; SBR, specific binding ratio; UPDRS III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III.Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n (%) (age, male, handedness, affected side, LD, LEDD, disease duration, H&Y stage, UPDRS III; median (interquartile range) (NM‐SNc, SBR). *Chi‐squared test; **Mann–Whitney U test.