Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants of the cross-sectional study design (base-ERMA).
|
Pre-menopause n = 230 |
Peri-menopause n = 368 |
Post-menopause n = 288 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 50.64 (1.62) | 51.19 (1.91)‡ | 52.54 (1.91)‡¶ | <0.001 |
| Age Range [years] | 47-54 | 47-55 | 48-55 | |
| Education [n (%)] | †;* | 0.019 | ||
| Primary | 1 (0.4) | 8 (2.2) | 7 (2.4) | |
| Secondary | 126 (54.8) | 198 (53.8) | 181 (62.8) | |
| Tertiary | 103 (44.8) | 162 (44.0) | 100 (34.7) | |
| Cigarette Smoking | 0.837 | |||
| Never Smoked | 153 (66.5) | 247 (67.1) | 198 (68.8) | |
| Quit smoking | 63 (27.4) | 90 (24.5) | 71 (24.7) | |
| Current Smoker | 14 (6.1) | 31 (8.4) | 19 (6.6) | |
| Alcoholic drinks/wk | 3.45 (3.17) | 4.02 (3.67) | 4.02 (4.18) | 0.283 |
| Percent Body Fat [%] | 29.58 (7.12) | 31.02 (7.77) | 30.46 (7.32) | 0.068 |
| Body mass [kg]¤ | 70.05 (10.13) | 70.37 (11.08) | 68.41 (10.99)†;* | 0.050 |
| Lean Body Mass [kg] | 45.99 (4.49) | 45.23 (5.18)†; | 44.25 (4.66)‡* | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index [kg/m2] | 25.37 (3.29) | 25.75 (3.85) | 25.01 (3.74)* | 0.029 |
| Normal (<24.9) | 113 (49.1) | 180 (49.0) | 162 (56.3) | |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 95 (41.3) | 127 (34.6) | 91 (31.6) | |
| Obese (>30.0) | 22 (9.6) | 60 (16.3) | 35 (12.2) | |
| Self-reported leisure time PA [MET hours/day] | 3.77 (3.94) | 3.68 (3.80) | 3.72 (3.42) | 0.825 |
| Accelerometer measured leisure time PA§ | ||||
| Sedentary [min/day] | 364.58 (45.89) | 367.14 (52.44) | 361.90 (50.66) | 0.394 |
| Light [min/day] | 197.37 (40.83) | 195.09 (43.59) | 198.18 (43.44) | 0.681 |
| Moderate [min/day] | 34.03 (16.52) | 33.91 (17.96) | 34.86 (17.79) | 0.766 |
| Vigorous [min/day] | 4.03 (7.40) | 3.86 (6.55) | 5.05 (7.82)†;* | 0.036 |
| Total counts | 4.3 × 105 (1.2 × 105) | 4.3 × 105 (1.4 × 105) | 4.4 × 105 (1.3 × 105) | 0.171 |
| 6-min walking distance [m]£ | 674.76 (58.71) | 666.44 (64.32) | 669.60 (58.17) | 0.281 |
Values are mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and n (percentage) for categorical variables.
†
p < 0.05 and p <0.001 compared with pre-menopausal women. p < 0.05 and
¶
p < 0.001 compared with peri-menopausal women.
§
Missing values = 126,
£
missing values = 76, and
¤
missing values = 2. Statistically significant findings (p < 0.05) are marked with bold in all of the tables.