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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 21.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2019 Feb 21;176(5):1098–1112.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.036

Figure 2. T-βMCA promotes CRC progression.

Figure 2.

(A-B) Temporal changes in intestinal tumor burden and serum T-βMCA and DCA levels. (C) Luciferase activity in HT29 cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene functionally linked to an FXR-responsive element (FXRE-Luc) upon exposure to T-βMCA or the FXR agonist GW4064, and (D) T-βMCA (10μM) in combination with CDCA (10nM to 50μM).

(E) Ileal proliferation in ND-fed APCmin/+ mice 12 hours after T-βMCA (400mg/kg p.o.) or vehicle (corn oil) administration (EdU incorporation, green; DAPI, blue. Scale bar 50μm).

(F) H&E staining of colons and magnifications of the epithelium of APCmin/+ mice on ND treated with T-βMCA (400mg/kg p.o.) or Vehicle (corn oil) twice a week from 8 weeks of age. Tumors are outlined. Scale bar 1mm.

(G-H) Intestinal permeability and serum CA19 levels in APCmin/+ mice treated with T-βMCA or Vehicle.

(I) Relative expression of FXR target genes, and cancer and intestinal stem cell marker genes in tumors from APCmin/+ mice treated with Vehicle or T-βMCA (400 mg/kg twice a week for 6 weeks).

Data represent the mean ± SEM. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.005. Student’s unpaired t-test.