Figure 2.
Liver delivery of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cell/red blood cell (RBC)-inspired nanoparticle (MRIN) in a mouse model of acute liver failure. a Schematic of MRIN fabrication: growth factors are isolated from mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (CM) and encapsulated in poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). NPs are then coated with cell membranes obtained from RBCs resulting in the final MRIN product. b Macrophage uptake of fluorescently labeled particles (n = 4). c Concentration of uncoated NPs and MRINs in blood (n = 5). d Analysis of particle accumulation in organs 24 hours post treatment (n = 3). Data expressed as mean values ± s.d. #, P < 0.01 compared to uncoated NPs. e Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury (n = 3). #, P < 0.05 compared to uncoated NP group; &, P < 0.05 compared to CM group. f Quantitation of proliferative cells via Ki67 staining (n = 3). *. P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001. g Quantitation of apoptotic cells via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′ -deoxyuridine, 5′-triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) (n = 3). *, P < 0.05; ***; P < 0.001. Reproduced from Liang, et al. 2018 with permission.