Table 1.
Oxidative Stress Markers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients
| R | Marker | Group [sample number]: value (percentage of control) | Tissue, genotype | Age (yrs) of control vs. (all) patient group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (188) | HNE-modified protein | Ctrl [10]: 3548 μm2 (100%) | Heart, UK | 55 ± 8 vs. 60 ± 9 |
| All HCM [31]: 16,753 μm2 (472%)* | ||||
| HNCM [12]: 10,825 μm2 (305%)* | ||||
| HOCM [11]: 15,454 μm2 (436%)* | ||||
| HCM-SD [8]: 27,431 μm2 (773%)* | ||||
| (135) | 8-oxodG -positive cardiomyocytes | Ctrl [14]: ∼10% (100%) | Heart, UK | 54 ± 17 vs. 61 ± 11 |
| HCM [21]: ∼21% (210%)* | ||||
| (61) | 8-isoprostaglandin F2α | Ctrl [54]: 29.9 pg/mL (100%) | Serum, UK | 45 ± 13 vs. 47 ± 15 |
| All HCM [54]: 35.4 pg/mL (118%)* | ||||
| HNCM [33]: 31.4 pg/mL (105%) | ||||
| HOCM [21]: 41.6 pg/mL (139%)+ | ||||
| (155) | GSH/GSSG ratio | Ctrl [13]: ∼2.0 (100%) | Heart, 1 homozygous TNNT mutation, others UK | 44 ± 12 vs. 43 ± 14 |
| CM [14]: ∼0.5 (25%)* | ||||
| Carbonyl content | Ctrl [13]: ∼0.15 nmol/mg (100%) | |||
| CM [14]: ∼0.6 nmol/mg (400%)* | ||||
| MDA + HAE content | Ctrl [13]: ∼15 nmol/mg of protein (100%) | |||
| CM [14]: ∼22 nmol/mg of protein (147%)* | ||||
| (201) | HNE-modified protein | Ctrl [5–6]: 100% | Heart, MYBPC3, TNNT2, or TPM1 mutations in 12/22, 7 UK | 59 ± 4 vs. 49 ± 3* |
| HCM [5–6]: ∼132% | ||||
| Protein carbonyls | Ctrl [5–6]: 100% | |||
| HCM [5–6]: ∼140% | ||||
| (199) | MDA concentration | Ctrl [10]: ∼1.6 nmol/mg (100%) | Heart, UK | 43 (17–72) vs. 45 (36–59) |
| HCM [10]: ∼1.5 nmol/mg (94%) | ||||
| Total carbonylated proteins | Ctrl [10]: ∼1.0 (100%) | |||
| HCM [10]: ∼1.2 (120%) | ||||
| (39) | iNOS expression | Ctrl [18]: 1.8 ± 1.2 Pi (100%) | Heart, UK | 48 ± 8 vs. age matched |
| HCM [18]: 33.0 ± 11.1 Pi (1833%)* | ||||
| Nitrotyrosine levels | Ctrl [18]: 1.7 ± 1.3 Pi (100%) | |||
| HCM [18]: 28.7 ± 15.3 Pi (1688%)* |
Oxidative stress markers in the heart or serum of HCM patients and control groups. Significantly different compared to controls (*), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) significantly different compared to hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM; +, both groups were not compared to control). A (∼) sign indicates that the value of the marker had to be estimated from the figures. All HCM, average of all subgroups; CM, cardiomyopathy group of seven HCM patients and seven patients with other cardiomyopathies.
8-oxodG, 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine; Ctrl, control; GSH/GSSG, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione; HAE, hydroxyalkenals; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HCM-SD, HCM with systolic dysfunction; HNE, hydroxynonenal; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA, malondialdehyde; Pi, percentage of positive pixels on total number of pixels; R, reference; UK, unknown.