Figure 2.
TRPV4 activation causes brain edema in vitro. A, The temperature of the ACSF was kept at 30 ± 1.0°C and at 33 ± 1.0°C for mild HT treatment and at 40 ± 1.0°C for severe HT treatment. HT treatment significantly increases the area of brain slices, a phenomenon blocked by the TRPV4 antagonist HC-067047. *p < 0.05 (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). **p < 0.01 (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). ***p < 0.001 versus control (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). ##p < 0.01 (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). ###p < 0.001 versus severe HT (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). n = 4 slices from 4 mice. B, Brain slices prepared from TRPV4 KO mice were subjected to treatment with HT or the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A. There were no significant differences between each group in the increase in the area of brain slices. n = 3–5 slices from 3 to 5 mice. C, Brain slices prepared from wild-type mice were treated with different concentrations of GSK1016790A. There was a dose dependency in the increase of brain slice area. **p < 0.01 (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). ***p < 0.001 (Tukey's test after two-way repeated-measures ANOVA). n = 3–6 slices from 3 to 6 mice. Data are mean ± SEM.