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. 2019 May 7;10:312. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00312

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Copyright © 2019 Birnbaum, Wu, Tatar, Liu and Bai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The altered FOXO binding correlates with age-related transcriptional changes of FOXO targets in adult head tissue. (A) The diagram showing foxo locus and the target sites of the guiding RNAs (highlighted in red) used to generate foxo^c431 loss-of-function mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. PAM: Protospacer adjacent motifs (highlighted in blue). (B) Western blots to verify the expression of FOXO proteins in foxo^c431 loss-of-function mutants. β-actin as a loading control. (C) The number of FOXO target genes that are differentially expressed between foxo^c431 mutants and wild-type flies. (D) Age-dependent transcriptional changes of FOXO target genes. Boxplots represent the mean fold change of genes at Day 15 (d15), Day 30 (d30) and Day 45 (d45), relative to that of Day 3 (d3) in aging head tissue (Student t-test).