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. 2018 Dec 4;139(11):1407–1421. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036652

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© 2018 The Authors.

Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 5. — Depletion of regulatory T cells abrogates the effect of propionate in AngII-infused wild-type NMRI (WT) mice. AngII-infused WT mice received propionate treatment with intraperitoneal injections of anti-CD25 (PC61) or IgG control. A, Relative reduction in splenic CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells at day 14 of AngII infusion in comparison with IgG control. B, IL-17A production in CD4⁺ restimulated splenocytes measured by flow cytometry. C, Splenic effector memory T cell (CD4⁺CD44⁺CD62L^–) frequencies. D and E, Analysis of CD4⁺ (D) and CD8⁺ (E) lymphocytes in heart sections using immunofluorescence. F, Left ventricular wall thickness (sum of IVSd and LVPWd) as measured by echocardiography. G through I, Immunofluorescence analysis of left ventricular fibrosis using fibronectin (G), collagen I (H), and FSP-1 (I) antibodies. Left, Representative photomicrographs (scale bars=100 µm). Right, quantification. A, D through I, WT AngII+C3+IgG n=4, WT AngII+C3+PC61 n=4; B and C, WT AngII+C3+IgG n=3, WT AngII+C3+PC61 n=4, *P<0.05 by 1-tailed Mann-Whitney test. AngII indicates angiotensin II; C3, propionate; FSP-1, fibroblast-specific protein 1; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IL, interleukin; IVSd, interventricular septal thickness at diastole; and LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall end diastole.