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. 2019 Jan 24;13:14. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00014

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Copyright © 2019 Ni, Yang, Siaw-Debrah, Hu, Wu, He, Yang, Pan, Lin, Ye, Xu, Wang, Jin, Zhuge and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BMSCs-exosomes affect cell death and inflammation post-TBI. (A) The apoptosis associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by western blot at 3 days after TBI. β-actin was used as an internal control (n = 4). (B) The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were analyzed by real-time PCR and normalized with GAPDH mRNA levels at 1 day after TBI (n = 6). ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01 versus the TBI + PBS group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus the SHAM + PBS group (C).