Figure 1.
sRNA Analysis in Dystrophic Serum
Mapped sRNA reads from serum libraries were sorted into the following ncRNA classes: miRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, snoRA, scaRNA, mtRNA, and piRNA. (A) Pie chart showing percentage of reads mapping to each ncRNA category for all serum samples. (B) Size distribution of sRNA reads after adaptor trimming in all serum libraries. Differential serum abundance of miRNAs in mdx relative to wild-type controls as visualized by (C) volcano plot and (D) MA plot. Statistically significant changes are highlighted in red and blue (for elevated and reduced levels in mdx serum, respectively). Labels are shown for miRNAs of interest. (E) Heatmap of significantly changed miRNAs in mdx serum, showing the effect of PPMO treatment on circulating miRNA levels. The label for miR-483-3p is highlighted in red. Scale bars show mean-centered log2 normalized counts (row Z score), where red and blue indicate higher and lower than mean abundance, respectively. (F) Serum abundance data for miR-483-3p determined by sRNA-seq and sRNA qRT-PCR. All values are mean + SEM; n = 4. p values are calculated by negative binomial distribution test (with Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons) for sRNA-seq or one-way ANOVA for qRT-PCR. mdx versus C57 fold change are indicated, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 (Bonferroni post hoc test).