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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2018 Jun 21;28(13):2145–2152.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.025

Figure 3. Cholinergic stimulation of medial parietal association cortex in anesthetized rat does not affect the level of consciousness.

Figure 3

A) shows effect on behavior after dialysis delivery of 5 mM carbachol (CARB) into medial parietal association cortex (MPtA) of rats receiving continuous sevoflurane anesthesia (1.9–2.4%). B) demonstrates CARB-induced electroencephalographic activation. C) representative spectrograms across the experimental timeline; vertical color bar is the log scale for power spectral density. Black arrows indicate the approximate time of CARB-induced electroencephalographic activation quantified as theta/delta ratio in (D). E) and (F) show the effect of CARB delivery on respiration and heart rate, respectively. G) show changes in acetylcholine levels for each rat during sevoflurane anesthesia (Sevo), CARB/NA delivery into PFC during Sevo, and post-Sevo recovery wake (Rec wake) epochs as percent change from pre-anesthesia wake state (Wake). Significance symbols (p<0.05) show group level comparisons using Student’s two-tailed paired t-test: *compared to Wake, #compared to Sevo, §compared to CARB/NA. Multiple comparisons were Bonferroni corrected. Actual p values are reported in the results section. Frtl - frontal, δ – delta, Prtl - parietal, SD - standard deviation, θ - theta. See also Figure S1 and Tables S1 and S2.