| REAGENT or RESOURCE | SOURCE | IDENTIFIER |
| Antibodies | ||
| Donkey anti-rabbit BV421 IgG (1:300) | Biolegend | Cat# 406410; RRID:AB_10897810 |
| Rat monoclonal anti-Mouse CD45 (1:200) | ebiosciences | Cat# 25-0451-82; RRID:AB_469625 |
| Anti-CD11b microbeads | Miltinenyi | Cat# 130-049-601 |
| Rat anti-mouse Ly6g PercpCy5.5 (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat# 127615; RRID:AB_1877272 |
| Rat anti-Mouse f4/80 APC (1:20) | Biorad | MCA497APC; RRID:AB_324435 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse/human CD45R/B220 (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#103235; RRID:AB_893356 |
| PE-CyTM 7 mouse anti-Human CD45 (10ul/test) | BD Biosciences | Cat#557748; RRID:AB_396854 |
| Anti-Mouse Tmem119 (0.25-0.5 ug/mL) Clone [28-3] | Abcam | Cat# 209064 RRID:AB_2728083 |
| Rabbit anti-human Tmem119 (1:200) | Abcam | Cat# 185333; RRID:AB_2687894 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse/human CD11b (1:100-200) | Biolegend | Cat#101228 RRID:AB_893232 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse CD3 (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#100217; RRID:AB_1595597 |
| Human BD Fc Block (20 ul/300ul cells) | BD Biosciences | Cat#564220 RRID:AB_2728082 |
| Brilliant Violet 421 goat anti-mouse IgG (1:250) | Biolegend | Cat#405317; RRID:AB_10900419 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse CD127(IL-7Ra) (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#135021; RRID:AB_1937274 |
| BV421 Goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal (1:300) | BD Biosciences | Cat#565014; RRID:AB_2716308) |
| PE anti-mouse CD117(c-kit) (1:200) | Biolegend | Cat#105807; RRID:AB_313216 |
| Purified rat anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (10 ul/300ul stain) | BD Biosciences | Cat#553142 RRID:AB_394657 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse Ly-6G (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#127615; RRID:AB_1877272 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse NK-1.1 (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#108727; RRID:AB_2132706 |
| Purified mouse IgG2b, k Isotype Ctrl (concentration matched to stain) | Biolegend | Cat#401201 RRID:AB_326631 |
| Purified anti-human TMEM119 clone A16075D, (0.3 ug/ml) | Biolegend | Forthcoming |
| Goat anti-mouse/human IBA1 (1:500) | Abcam | Cat# 5076; RRID:AB_2224402 |
| Anti-Human cytoplasm (2ug/mL) | Takara | Cat# Y40410 RRID:AB_2632385 |
| Brilliant Violet 421 anti-mouse Ly-6C (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#128031; RRID:AB_2562177 |
| Rabbit polyclonal anti-Human Ms4a7 (1:30) | Atlas | Cat# HPA017418; RRID:AB_1854137 |
| PE anti-mouse/human CD11b (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#101207; RRID:AB_312790 |
| PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse/human CD11b (1:100) | Biolegend | Cat#101228; RRID:AB_893232 |
| Anti-mouse CD45 PE-Cyanine7 (1:200) | eBioscience | Cat#25-0451-82 RRID: AB_469625 |
| Goat anti-mouse IgG Alexa 647 (1:500) | Life Technologies | Cat#A21236 RRID:AB_2535805 |
| Rat anti-mouse albumin (1:750) | Abcam | Cat#Ab24325 RRID:AB_448009 |
| Critical Commercial Assays | ||
| AllPrep Micro Kit | Qiagen | Cat#80284 |
| RNAeasy Micro Kit | Qiagen | Cat# 74004 |
| NEB Next Ultra RNAseq Kit | New England Biolabs | Cat# E7530S |
| RNAscope® Fluorescent Multiplex Detection Reagents | ACDbio | Cat#320851 |
| RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent Detection Kit v2 | ACDbio | Cat# 323110 |
| RNAscope 2.5 HD Duplex Detection Reagents Kit | ACDbio | Cat# 322430 |
| RNAscope® H202 & Protease Plus Reagents | ACDbio | Cat#322330 |
| RNAscope® 2.5 Duplex Positive Control probe | ACDbio | Cat# 321641 |
| TSA detection reagents; TSA plus Fluorescein | PerkinElmer | Cat# NEL741001KT |
| TSA detection reagents; TSA plus Cyanine 3 | PerkinElmer | Cat# NEL744E001KT |
| TSA detection reagents; TSA plus Cyanine 5 | PerkinElmer | Cat# NEL513001KT |
| Ovation-RNA-seq system V2 | NuGEN | Cat# 7102 |
| Probe:Hs-Tmem119 | ACDbio | Cat# 478911 |
| Probe: Mm-Ms4a7-C2 | ACDbio | Cat#314601-C2 |
| Probe: Mm-Clec12a-C2 | ACDbio | Cat# 514351-C2 |
| Probe: Mm-Sall1 | ACDbio | Cat# 469661 |
| Probe: Mm-Tmem119-C2 | ACDbio | Cat# 472901-C2 |
| Probe: Hs-Sall1 | ACDbio | Cat# 514331 |
| Bone marrow monocytes isolation kit | Miltenyi Biotec | Cat# 130-100-629 |
| Biological Samples | ||
| FVB Embryonic tissues | Charles River | Strain code: 207 |
| Fetal brain tissue (human) | Stemexpress | N/A |
| Adult peripheral blood samples | Stanford Blood Center | N/A |
| Intraoperative brain tissue | Stanford Brain Bank | N/A |
| Post-mortem human brain samples | Stanford Brain Bank | N/A |
| Chemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant Proteins | ||
| Ms4a7 Peptide (40 molar excess) | Atlas | Cat# APrEST72174 |
| TIC medium | Bohlen et al., 2017 | N/A |
| Heat inactivated FCS | Gibco | Cat#10437-028 |
| ACK buffer | Gibco | Cat#A10492-01 |
| RNAsin | Promega | Cat# N2615 |
| DNAseI | Worthington | Cat# DPRFS |
| Trizol LS | Sigma | Cat# T3934 |
| RLT buffer | Qiagen | Cat# 79216 |
| RLT Plus | Qiagen | Cat# 1053393 |
| DAB development Kit | Thermo Scientific | Cat# 34002 |
| Z-4-Hydroxytamoxifen | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat# H7904 |
| Human TGFβ2 | Peprotech | Cat#100-35B |
| Human Mcsf | Peprotech | Cat#300-25 |
| Mouse Mcsf | Peprotech | Cat#315-02 |
| Ovine wool cholesterol | Avanti Polar Lipids | Cat# 700000P |
| LIVE/DEAD Green (1 ul/1ml cells) | Thermo Fisher | Cat# L34969 |
| Deposited Data | ||
| Microglia and MLC RNA-seq | This Paper | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/453419 |
| Gene lists ALS UP, AD UP, LPS UP 1/2, DEV UP 1/2, CULTURE UP, and CULTURE DOWN | (Bohlen et al., 2017) | https://www.cell.com/action/showImagesData?pii=S0896-6273%2817%2930400-2 |
| Gene list SALL1 UP | (Buttgereit et al., 2016) | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-5077/ |
| Gene list NRROS UP | (Wong et al., 2017) | https://www.nature.com/articles/ni.3743#supplementary-information |
| Mouse reference genome UCSC annotation mm9 | UCSC Genome Browser | http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/downloads.html#mouse |
| Immune cell RNA-seq data | (Lavin et al., 2014); (Zhang et al., 2014) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE63340; https://web.stanford.edu/group/barres_lab/brain_rnaseq.html |
| Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains | ||
| Mouse: FVB.129X1-Csf1rtmErs (also back crossed to C57BL6 in this paper) | (Dai et al., 2002)/Dr. Richard Stanley | RRID:MGI:3810944 |
| Mouse: FVB/NCr | Charles River | RRID:MGI:2160605 |
| Mouse: C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP)131Osb/LeySopJ- | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX:006567 |
| Mouse: Rag2tm1.1Flv CSF1tm1 (CSF1)Flv IL2rgtm1.1FLv/J | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX:017708 |
| Mouse: Rag2tm1.1Flv CSF1tm1 (CSF1)Flv IL2rgtm1.1FLv/J X Csf1rtmErs | This paper | N/A |
| Mouse: Cx3cr1CreER; B6 | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX:021160 |
| Mouse: Csf1rflox; B6 | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX: 021212 |
| Mouse: Cx3cr1CreER;Csf1rflox ; B6, CX3Cr1CreER mice were bred with Csf1rflox mice | This paper | N/A |
| Mouse: Ccr2RFP; B6 | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX: 017586 |
| Mouse: C57BL6 WT | The Jackson Laboratory | RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664 |
| Oligonucleotides | ||
| Primers for Csf1r mice genotyping: | ||
| F1; 5′-AGACTCATTCCAGAACCAGAGC-3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| F2; 5′-CCGGTAGAATTCCTCGAGTCTA-3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| R1; 5′-GAATTTGGAGTCCTCACCTTTG-3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| Human Tmem119-6xhis Forward primer 5′- AAAAGTCGACGCCGCCACCAtggtttcggcggcag 3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| Human Tmem119-6xhis Reverse primer 5′ -TTTTGCGGCCGCTTAGTGGTGATGGTGATGATGACCAGAACCACCGACACTGGGGTGGACACTGC - 3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| Human Tmem119-ECD Forward primer 5′- AaaaaaggatccCgctctgtgcccctg -3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| Human Tmem119-ECD Reverse primer 5′ - TTT TTT TTG CGG CCG CCA TCA CGT ACT GGC -3′ | This Paper | N/A |
| Software and Algorithms | ||
| edgeR | (Robinson et al., 2010) | https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edgeR.html |
| Tuxedo Pipeline | Galaxyproject.org | |
| ICY | http://icy.bioimageanalysis.org/ | |
| Graphpad Prism (version 7.0) | GraphPad | https://www.graphpad.com |
| Clustvis | http://biit.cs.ut.ee/clustvis_large/ | |
| Flowjo (version 10.4) | Treestar | https://www.flowjo.com |
| R (version 3.3.1) | The R foundation | https://www.r-project.org |
| Miseq | Illumina | N/A |
| JVenn | (Bardou et al.,2014) | http://jvenn.toulouse.inra.fr/app/example.html |
| Fiji | https://imagej.net/Fiji | |
| PVclust | (Suzuki et al., 2014) | www.sigmath.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/shimo-lab/prog/pvclust/ |
| GSEA V3 | http://software.broadinstitute.org/gsea/index.jsp | |
| Other | ||
| Dounce homogenizer, 7 ml | Wheaton | 357542 |
| Microcapillary tube | WPI | Cat#1B100f-4 |
| DietGel Boost | ClearH20 | Cat#72-04-5022 |