FIGURE 4.

Chemical structures of CPP-PMO, Vivo-PMO, and PMOplusTM. PMO conjugated with cell penetrated peptide (R-Ahx-R)4R, in which Ahx represents a 6-aminohexanoic acid spacer. Vivo-PMO are covalently linked to a molecular scaffold that carries a dendritic structure assembled around a triazine core that holds eight guanidinium head groups optimally oriented for cell membrane penetration. PMOplusTM is charged PMO that contains positively charged piperazine groups within its molecular backbone.