Table 1.
Characteristics of the 118 Antibiotic Allergy Label-3 (AAL-3) Patients
| Demographics | Total, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 59 (47–70) |
| Sex, female | 73 (61.9) |
| Age-adjusted CCI, median (IQR) | 5 (4–7) |
| Race | |
| White | 111 (94.1) |
| Asian | 7 (5.9) |
| Immunocompromiseda | 57 (48.3) |
| Psychiatric historyb | 14 (11.8) |
| Infective syndromes (n = 224)c | |
| Gastrointestinal infection | 30 (13.4) |
| Bacteremia | 7 (3.1) |
| Central nervous system infection | 4 (1.8) |
| Febrile neutropenia | 17 (7.6) |
| Urinary system infection | 31 (13.8) |
| Otherd | 44 (19.6) |
| Lower/upper respiratory tract infection, including pneumonia | 48 (21.4) |
| Skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint | 43 (19.2) |
| Family history of antibiotic allergy | 24 (20.3) |
| Referrer (setting) | |
| Tertiary referral public hospital | 83 (70.3) |
| Nontertiary referral public hospital | 4 (3.4) |
| Primary care clinic/private rooms | 15 (12.7) |
| Private hospital | 16 (13.6) |
| Referrere | |
| Pharmacist | 12 (10.2) |
| Adverse drug reaction committee | 13 (11.0) |
| Hematologist/oncologist | 13 (11.0) |
| Transplant physician | 6 (5.1) |
| Infectious diseases physician/AMS | 35 (29.6) |
| Allergist/immunologist | 21 (17.8) |
| General practitioner | 14 (11.9) |
| Other | 8 (6.8) |
| No. of antibiotic allergy labels | 226 |
| Mean labels per patient | 1.91 |
| Range | 1–6 |
| Implicated antibiotics per label, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) |
| ADR episodes for each allergy label, median (IQR) | 1 (1–1) |
| Time since last antibiotic ADR | |
| <1 mo | 2 (1.7) |
| 1–3 mo | 12 (10.2) |
| >3–12 mo | 27 (22.9) |
| >1–5 y | 11 (9.2) |
| >5–10 y | 4 (3.4) |
| >10 y | 51 (43.2) |
| Unknown | 11 (9.3) |
| Naranjo scoref, median (IQR) | 5 (5–5) |
| ALDEN scoreg (n = 8), median (IQR) | 3 (2.5–3) |
| RegiSCAR DRESS scoreh (n = 9), median (IQR) | 4 (2–5) |
Abbreviations: ALDEN, algorithm of drug causality for epidermal necrolysis; AMS, antimicrobial stewardship; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; DRESS, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; ADR, adverse drug reaction; IQR, interquartile range; RegiSCAR, registry of severe cutaneous adverse reactions.
aImmunocompromised: hematological malignancy, oncological malignancy, solid organ or stem cell transplant recipient, autoimmune disease, condition requiring >15 mg steroid daily for 1 month.
bPsychiatric history: history of depression, anxiety, or mood disorder.
cInfection history: infective episodes encountered pre– and post–antibiotic allergy testing.
dOther = prophylaxis (23), hepatitis (1), dental infection (1), fever unknown (2), pelvic inflammatory disease (1), endocarditis (4), epiglottitis (3), gynecological infection (3), syphilis (1).
eSome patients were referred by >1 source.
fNaranjo score: 0, doubtful; 1–4, possible; 5–8, probable; >9 definite [25].
gALDEN score: <0, very unlikely; 0–1, unlikely; 2–3, possible; 4–5, probable; ≥6 very probable [26].
hRegiSCAR DRESS score: <2, excluded; 2–3, possible; 4–5, probable; ≥6, definite [27].