Figure 4. ILCs in pathology.
Pathogens, allergens, chemicals, diet, metabolic states and genetic factors can induce type 1, type 2 or type 3 inflammatory conditions that lead to pathology involving ILCs. Listed are examples of pathologies shown to involve ILCs, even though in most cases the causative role of ILCs, or their requirement in the pathology, remains to be established. Strong intestinal inflammatory pathology induced during IBD or by Salmonella enterica generates ILCs that produce both type 1 (IFNγ) and type 3 (IL-17) effector cytokines.