Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical pathology data for clinical classifications across the cohort. All data is presented as means ± standard deviations or %, where indicated. CN, cognitive normal; MCI, Mild cognitively impaired; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; †HOMA indices underwent Box-Cox transformations prior to analysis.
| CN | MCI | AD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 905 | 156 | 203 | |
| Age (years) | 70.6 ± 6.8 | 75.1 ± 7.6 | 76.4 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Sex (Female, %) | 59.7 | 53.2 | 56.9 | 0.282 |
| APOE ε4 (Positive, %) | 26.8 | 53.2 | 63.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI | 26.6 ± 4.1 | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 25.1 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 7.8 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 0.772 |
| Diabetic Medication (%) | 4.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 0.431 |
| Hypertension (%) | 34.1 | 36.8 | 26.5 | 0.067 |
| Smoking (%) | 4.0 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.056 |
| Insulin (mU/L) (Reference Range < 12) | 7.42 ± 7.16 | 8.88 ± 12.2 | 8.12 ± 7.0 | 0.074 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) (Reference range 3.0–5.4) | 5.19 ± 0.79 | 5.20 ± 0.99 | 5.39 ± 1.30 | 0.014 |
| HOMA-IR† | 0.617 ± 0.189 | 0.635 ± 0.198 | 0.647 ± 0.191 | 0.091 |
| HOMA-B† | 4.73 ± 0.80 | 4.83 ± 0.90 | 4.76 ± 0.922 | 0.302 |