TABLE 1.
Measures
| Administration | Measure | Information About Measure and Scoring | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Receptive language | Direct assessment | Preschool Language Scale version 422 | Auditory comprehension subscale. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15, range 50–140. |
| Parent report | Child development inventory23 | Language comprehension subscale, based on 50 items. Quotients calculated. | |
| Expressive language | Direct assessment | Preschool Language Scale version 422 | Expressive communication subscale. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15, range 50–140. |
| Parent report | Child development inventory23 | Expressive language subscale, based on 50 items. Quotients. | |
| Receptive vocabulary | Direct assessment | Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test version 424 | 228 items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15, range 20–160. |
| Expressive vocabulary | Direct assessment | Expressive Vocabulary Test version 225 | 190 items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15, range 20–160. |
| Reading | Direct assessment | Woodcock diagnostic reading battery26 | 3 subscale scores: word attack, word identification, and passage comprehension. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |
| Mathematics | Direct assessment | Wechsler individual achievement test27 | Mathematics reasoning subtest. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |
| Number | Parent report | Child development inventory23 | Number subscale, based on rating of 15 items. Quotients. |
| Letter knowledge | Direct assessment | Phonological abilities test28 | Letter knowledge subtest, measures letter name. Raw score range 0–26. |
| Parent report | Child development inventory23 | Letter subscale, based on rating of 15 items. Quotients. | |
| Speech production | Direct assessment | Diagnostic evaluation of articulation and phonology29 | 2 subscale scores: vowel and consonant, each based on 50 target words elicited by pictures. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |
| Functional auditory behavior | Parent report | Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children30 | 11 items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |
| Social skills | Parent report | Child development inventory23 | Social subscale, based on ratings of 40 items. Quotients. |
| Behavior problems | Parent report | Strengths and difficulties questionnaire31 | 25 items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |
| Teacher report | Strengths and difficulties questionnaire31 | 25 items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. | |
| Health-related quality of life | Parent report | Pediatric quality of life inventory32 | 23-items. Standardized: mean 100, SD 15. |