Figure 3.
Blinding in preclinical cardiovascular research studies published over a 10-y period stratified by (A) disease studied and (B) species used. Dark blue corresponds to the proportion of studies implementing blinding; numbers in bars correspond to absolute numbers of studies. Valvular disease and resuscitative medicine studies were included in the “Other” category because of the small number of relevant publications. “Combination” refers to more than one animal species used within the same publication; animal models in the “Other” category included guinea pig, gerbil, and hamster. *For comparison of studies incorporating blinding vs not.