Fig. 2.
(−)-Epicatechin increases Nrf2 nuclear translocation in hemoglobin-exposed astrocytes. a, b EC was added to the medium 1 h before hemoglobin (Hb, 10 μM) treatment, and cytoplasmic (a) and nuclear (b) protein was extracted 2 h after hemoglobin stimulation. c, d EC (1, 10, or 100 μM) was added to the medium 1 h after hemoglobin, and cytoplasmic (c) and nuclear (d) protein was collected 24 h later. All data are presented as mean ± SD of five independent experiments. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. Hb alone