Table 1.
Members of the MMP family, and their tissue distribution and substrates
| MMP (Other Name) Chromosome |
MW KDa Pro/Active | Distribution | Collagen Substrates | Non-Collagen ECM Substrates | Other Targets and Substrates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Collagenases MMP-1 (Collagenase-1) 11q22.3 |
55/45 | Endothelium, intima, SMCs, fibroblasts, vascular adventitia, platelets, varicose veins (interstitial/fibroblast collagenase) | I, II, III, VII, VIII, X, gelatin | Aggrecan, nidogen, perlecan, proteoglycan link protein, serpins, tenascin-C, versican | Casein, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, IGF-BP-3 and -5, IL-1β, L-selectin, ovostatin, pro-TNF-α, SDF-1 |
| MMP-8 (Collagenase-2) 11q22.3 |
75/55 | Macrophages, neutrophils (PMNL or neutrophil collagenase) | I, II, III, V, VII, VIII, X, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen | α2-antiplasmin, proMMP-8 |
| MMP-13 (Collagenase-3) 11q22.3 |
60/48 | SMCs, macrophages, varicose veins, preeclampsia, breast cancer | I, II, III, IV, gelatin | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, tenascin | Casein, plasminogen activator 2, proMMP-9 and -13, SDF-1 |
| MMP-18 (Collagenase-4) 12q14 |
70/53 | Xenopus (amphibian, Xenopus collagenase) heart, lung, colon | I, II, III, gelatin | α1-antitrypsin | |
|
Gelatinases MMP-2 (Gelatinase-A, Type IV Collagenase) 16q13-q21 |
72/63 | Endothelium, VSM, adventitia, platelets, leukocytes, aortic aneurysm, varicose veins | I, II, III, IV, V, VII, X, XI, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, versican | Active MMP-9 and -13, FGF-R1, IGF-BP-3 and -5, IL-1β, pro-TNF-α, TGF-β |
| MMP-9 (Gelatinase-B, Type IV Collagenase) 20q11.2-q13.1 |
92/86 | Endothelium, VSM, adventitia, microvessels, macrophages, aortic aneurysm, varicose veins | IV, V, VII, X, XIV, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, proteoglycan link protein, versican | CXCL5, IL-1β, IL2-R, plasminogen, pro-TNF-α, SDF-1, TGF-β |
|
Stromelysins MMP-3 (Stromelysin-1) 11q22.3 |
57/45 | Endothelium, intima, VSM, platelets, coronary artery disease, hypertension, varicose veins, synovial fibroblasts, tumor invasion | II, III, IV, IX, X, XI, gelatin | Aggrecan, decorin, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, proteoglycan, proteoglycan link protein, versican | Casein, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, E-cadherin, fibrinogen, IGF-BP-3, L-selectin, ovostatin, pro-HB-EGF, pro-IL-1β, proMMP-1, -8 and -9, pro-TNF-α, SDF-1 |
| MMP-10 (Stromelysin-2) 11q22.3 |
57/44 | Atherosclerosis, uterus, preeclampsia, arthritis, carcinoma cells | III, IV, V, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen | Casein, proMMP-1, -8 and -10 |
| MMP-11 (Stromelysin-3) 22q11.23 |
51/44 | Brain, uterus, angiogenesis | Does not cleave | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin | α1-antitrypsin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, IGF-BP-1 |
|
Matrilysins MMP-7 (Matrilysin-1) 11q21-q22 |
29/20 | Endothelium, intima, VSM, uterus, varicose veins (PUMP) | IV, X, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, enactin, fibronectin, laminin, proteoglycan link protein | Casein, β4 integrin, decorin, defensin, E-cadherin, Fas-ligand, plasminogen, proMMP-2, -7 and -8, pro-TNF-α, syndecan, transferrin |
| MMP-26 (Matrilysin-2, Endometase) 11p15 |
28/19 | Breast cancer, endometrial tumors | IV, gelatin | Fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin | Casein, β1-proteinase inhibitor, fibrin, fibronectin, proMMP-2 |
|
Membrane-Type MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) 14q11-q12 |
66/56 | VSM, fibroblasts, platelets, brain, uterus, angiogenesis | I, II, III, gelatin | Aggrecan, elastin, fibrin, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, proteoglycan, tenascin, vitronectin | αvβ3 integrin, CD44, proMMP-2 and -13, pro-TNF-α, SDF-1, α1-proteinase inhibitor, tissue transglutaminase |
| MMP-15 (MT2-MMP) 16q13 |
72/50 | Fibroblasts, leukocytes, preeclampsia | I, gelatin | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, perlecan, tenascin, vitronectin | ProMMP-2 and -13, tissue transglutaminase |
| MMP-16 (MT3-MMP) 8q21.3 |
64/52 | Leukocytes, angiogenesis | I | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, vitronectin | Casein, proMMP-2 and -13 |
| MMP-17 (MT4-MMP) 12q24.3 |
57/53 | Brain, breast cancer | Gelatin | Fibrin | |
| MMP-24 (MT5-MMP) 20q11.2 |
57/53 | Leukocytes, lung, pancreas, kidney, brain, astrocytoma, glioblastoma | Gelatin | Chondroitin sulfate, dermatin sulfate, fibrin, fibronectin, N-cadherin | ProMMP-2 and -13 |
| MMP-25 (MT6-MMP) 16p13.3 |
34/28 | Leukocytes (Leukolysin), anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas | IV, gelatin | Fibrin, fibronectin, proMMP-2, α1-proteinase inhibitor | |
|
Other MMPs MMP-12 (Metalloelastase) 11q22.3 |
54/45 - 22 | SMCs, fibroblasts, macrophages, great saphenous vein | IV, gelatin | Elastin, fibronectin, laminin | Casein, plasminogen |
| MMP-19 (RASI-1) 12q14 |
54/45 | Liver | I, IV, gelatin | Aggrecan, fibronectin, laminin, nidogen, tenascin | Casein |
| MMP-20 (Enamelysin) 11q22.3 |
54/22 | Tooth enamel | V | Aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein, amelogenin | |
| MMP-21 (Xenopus-MMP) 10q26.13 |
62/49 | Fibroblasts, macrophages, placenta | α1-antitrypsin | ||
| MMP-22 (Chicken-MMP) 1p36.3 |
51 | Chicken fibroblasts | Gelatin | ||
| MMP-23 (CA-MMP) 1p36.3 |
28/19 | Ovary, testis, prostate Other (type II) MT-MMP |
Gelatin | ||
| MMP-27 (Human MMP-22 homolog) 11q24 |
Heart, leukocytes, macrophages, kidney, endometrium, menstruation, bone, osteoarthritis, breast cancer | ||||
| MMP-28 (Epilysin) 17q21.1 |
56/45 | Skin, keratinocytes | Casein |
CA-MMP, cysteine array MMP; CXCL5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5; FGF-R1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; IGF-BP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein; IL, interleukin; MW, molecular mass; PMNL, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; pro-HB-EGF, pro-heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor; RASI-1, rheumatoid arthritis synovium inflamed-1; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1