Figure 5. Tumor eradication by combination immunotherapy with multi-epitope vaccine nanodiscs and immune checkpoint blockade.
a-d, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 105 melanoma B16F10 cells and vaccinated on days 4, 11, and 18 with indicated formulations (10 nmol of each antigen peptide and 2.3 nmol of CpG). For the combination immunotherapy, on days 1 and 4 after each vaccination, αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 (100 μg/mouse each) were administered intraperitoneally. Shown are a, the percent of IFN-γ+ CD8α+ or CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood measured by intracellular cytokine staining, and b-d, average and individual B16F10 tumor growth curves. The data show mean ± SD from a representative experiment (n = 5-10) from 2-3 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001, analyzed by (a) one-way ANOVA or (b-d) two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test. Asterisks in (b-d) indicate statistically significant differences between sHDL-Ag/CpG and all other treatment groups.