Table 1.
Parameter Values, Ranges, and Distributions Examined in Sensitivity Analyses
| Range for sensitivity analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base case | Low | High | Distribution | Reference | |
| Probabilities | |||||
| Influenza illness | |||||
| Influenza | 0.0590 | 0.0200 | 0.1000 | Beta | (23) |
| High risk patient | 0.5120 | 0.2350 | 0.7850 | Beta | (10) |
| High risk patient seeking office visit | 0.8200 | 0.5870 | 0.9630 | Beta | (10) |
| Non high risk patient seeking office visit | 0.6200 | 0.5660 | 0.6700 | Beta | (10) |
| Hospitalization | 0.0421 | 0.0190 | 0.0730 | Beta | (9) |
| Influenza mortality | 0.0117 | 0.0059 | 0.0208 | Beta | (9) |
| Vaccination | |||||
| Vaccinated | 0.6470 | 0.6410 | 0.6530 | Beta | (23) |
| Adverse event | 0.0830 | 0.0780 | 0.0870 | Beta | (3) |
| Proportion uncovered Influenza B | 0.0770 | 0.0385 | 0.2000 | Beta | (8) |
| Efficacy | |||||
| All vaccine efficacy | 0.390 | 0.000 | 0.6500 | Beta | (10) |
| High-dose IIV31 increased relative efficacy | 0.242 | 0.097 | 0.3650 | Beta | (3) |
| Costs and resource utilization | |||||
| Vaccination | |||||
| IIV42 | $16.15 | $8.08 | $24.23 | Gamma | (13) |
| IIV3 | $10.69 | $5.35 | $16.04 | Gamma | (13) |
| High-dose IIV33 | $31.20 | $15.60 | $46.80 | Gamma | (24) |
| Vaccine administration cost | $25.08 | $12.54 | $37.62 | Gamma | (25) |
| Adverse event | $2.80 | $1.40 | $4.20 | Gamma | (15) |
| Influenza illness | |||||
| Fatal | |||||
| Total cost (high risk patient) | $42,472.00 | $0.00 | $441,381.00 | Gamma | (10) |
| Total cost (non-high risk patient) | $53,971.00 | $0.00 | $418,783.00 | Gamma | (10) |
| Recovered | |||||
| Outpatient | |||||
| Office visit cost (per visit) | $73.08 | $60.22 | $92.78 | Gamma | (26) |
| Antiviral medication cost (Oseltamivir) | $120.60 | $60.00 | $182.00 | Gamma | (11) |
| Non-medical direct costs (per day) | $162.00 | $81.00 | $243.00 | Gamma | (27) |
| Hospitalized | |||||
| Hospitalization cost (per day) | $1,765.88 | $676.00 | $3,547.00 | Gamma | (26) |
| Days of hospitalization | 4.1 | 1 | 7 | Gamma | (26) |
| Utility Values | |||||
| Utility of 65+ | 0.840 | 0.710 | 0.940 | Beta | (28) |
| Influenza utility | 0.558 | 0.300 | 0.800 | Beta | (29) |
| Disutility Values | |||||
| Vaccination | |||||
| Adverse event | 0.0027 | 0 | 0.005 | Beta | Assumed |
| Influenza illness | |||||
| Death (quality adjusted years lost) | 9.02 | 5 | 16 | Gamma | (30) |
| Recovered | |||||
| Non-medically attended | |||||
| Days of lost productivity | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.5 | Poisson | (10) |
| Outpatient | |||||
| Days of lost productivity (high risk patient) | 7.0 | 3.5 | 10.5 | Poisson | (10) |
| Days of lost productivity (non-high risk patient) | 3.0 | 1.5 | 4.5 | Poisson | (10) |
| Hospitalized | |||||
| Days of lost productivity (high risk patient) | 18 | 10 | 27 | Poisson | (10) |
| Days of lost productivity (non-high risk patient) | 13 | 6 | 20 | Poisson | (10) |
1
Trivalent influenza vaccine
2
Quadrivalent influenza vaccine
3
High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine