Table 1.
List of ALK mutations known to be oncogenic
| Alteration | Location | Functional significance | Tumor type | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H694R | Extracellular | Increased phosphorylation, promotes tumors in mice | Wang et al. 2011 | |
| K1062M | Juxtamembrane | Transforms cells, promotes tumors in mice | Neuroblastoma | Chen et al. 2008; Murugan and Xing 2011 |
| G1128A | Kinase domain, glycine-rich region | Increased phosphorylation | Neuroblastoma | Mosse et al. 2008; Bossi et al. 2010; Schonherr et al. 2011 |
| M1166R | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Neuroblastoma | Mosse et al. 2008; Chand et al. 2013 |
| F1174I | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Neuroblastoma | Chand et al. 2013; Mologni et al. 2015 |
| F1174L | Kinase domain | Disrupts auto-inhibitory function | Neuroblastoma | Chen et al. 2008; George et al. 2008; De Brouwer et al. 2010; Sasaki et al. 2010; Bresler et al. 2011; Heuckmann et al. 2011; Kodama et al. 2014; Infarinato et al. 2015; Zou et al. 2015 |
| F1174S | Kinase domain | Ligand-independent activity | Neuroblastoma | Martinsson et al. 2011 |
| L1198F | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Thyroid | Murugan and Xing 2011 |
| G1201E | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Thyroid, Skin | Murugan and Xing 2011 |
| F1245C | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Neuroblastoma | Schonherr et al. 2011; Infarinato et al. 2015 |
| R1275Q | Kinase domain | Disrupts auto-inhibitory function | Neuroblastoma | Chen et al. 2008; George et al. 2008; De Brouwer et al. 2010; Bagci et al. 2012; Carpenter and Mosse 2012 |
| E1384K | Kinase domain | Increased phosphorylation | Cervix | Wang et al. 2011 |