. 2016 Feb 29;7(25):38927–38945. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7792

Table 1. The functions of EVs derived from BM cells.

Source cell	Type of EVs	Target cell	Functions	Ref.
MSC	EVs	Treg, CD3⁺cell	Promote proliferation and apoptosis of Treg; induce CD3⁺ cell apoptosis	36
MSC	Exosomes	Immune cell	Induce immunosuppression	37
MSC	Microvesicles	PBMC	Decrease Th17 cells and increase Treg	35
MSC	Microparticles and exosomes	Proximal tubular epithelial cell	Promote cell proliferation	33
MSC	EVs	Endothelial cell	Promote tube formation and proliferation	38
MSC	40-150nm EVs	Breast cancer cell	Promote tumor growth in vivo	34
BMSC	Exosomes	Breast cancer cell	Reduce CXCL12 and decreased proliferation	41
MSC	Exosomes	Gastric cancer cells	Promote tumor growth in vivo	42
MSC	Microvesicles	Hepatoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and ovarian tumor cell lines	Inhibit cell cycle progression; induce apoptosis; inhibit tumor growth in vivo	43
MSC	EVs	Glioblastoma cell line	Decrease cell proliferation, induced apoptosis	44
peptide-pulsed DC	Exosomes	T cell	Induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo and suppress tumor growth	48
DC	Exosomes	NK cell	Induce NK cell proliferation and activation in vivo	49
imDC	Exosomes	NK cell	NK cell activation	50
DC	Exosomes	CD4⁺ T cell	T cell activation	51
DC	Exosomes	iNKT cell	Activate iNKT cells and induce cancer-specific adaptive immune response	52
DC	Antigen-loaded exosomes	T cell	Induce specific transgenic T cell proliferation and response; Th1-type shift	53
DC	Antigen-loaded exosomes	CD8⁺T cell	Induce cytotoxic T cell response	54
imDC	Exosomes	Lymphocyte	Reduce proliferation	56
imDC	Exosomes	T cell	Suppress T cell response and increase IL-10 production	57
imDC	Exosomes	T cell	Immunosuppression	58
DC	Exosomes	T cell	Reduce T cell responses	59
imDC	Exosomes	T cell	Stimulate CD4⁺ T cells	61
imDC treated with IL-10	Exosomes	N/A	Suppress inflammation and autoimmune responses	63
DC over-expressing FasL	Exosomes	N/A	Induce antigen-specific immune responses in vivo	65
DC over-expressing IL-4	Exosomes	DC, macrophage, T cell	Suppress inflammatory response	66
Infected macrophages	50-300 nm EVs	Naive macrophage	Induce pro-inflammatory cytokines production	70
Infected macrophages	Exosomes	DC, T cell	Stimulate activation and maturation of DC; activate antigen-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells	71
Infected macrophages	Exosomes	Naive macrophage	Recruit and activate macrophage	72
Infected macrophage	Exosomes	Naive macrophage	Suppress IFN-γ mediated activation of naive macrophages	73
Mast cells	Exosomes	Spleen cell	Promote proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production	74, 75
Adipocytes	Exosomes	Osteoblast	Induce the expression of adipocyte specific genes	76

EV, extracellular vesicle, MSC, mesenchymal stromal cells; Treg, regulatory T cells; BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells; DC, dendritic cells; iNKT cell: invariant natural killer T cell.