Table 4.
Results of regression analysis with PSU as a criterion variablea (n = 1062)
| Crude | Adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Gender: 0 = male; 1 = female | 0.96 | 0.72–1.29 | 0.80 | 0.55–1.17 | 0.251 |
| Grade | 0.89 | 0.78–1.01 | 0.89 | 0.77–1.04 | 0.135 |
| Science-humanities division: 0 = Science; 1 = Humanities | 1.73 | 1.26–2.37 | 2.14 | 1.45–3.16 | <0.001 |
| Monthly income from family (RMB) | - | - | 0.003 | ||
| 0:1000–1500; 1: ≤1000 | 1.42 | 1.02–1.98 | 1.34 | 0.93–1.93 | 0.112 |
| 0:1000–1500; 1: ≥1500 | 2.14 | 1.35–3.39 | 2.45 | 1.46–4.13 | 0.001 |
| Emotional symptoms (SAS + SDS) | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | 1.01 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.039 |
| PSS | 1.14 | 1.10–1.17 | 1.06 | 1.02–1.10 | 0.003 |
| CFMPS-DA | 1.20 | 1.15–1.26 | 1.15 | 1.08–1.22 | <0.001 |
| CFMPS-PE | 1.09 | 1.05–1.12 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.08 | 0.047 |
| CFMPS-CM | 1.11 | 1.08–1.14 | 1.04 | 0.98–1.09 | 0.068 |
| CFMPS-OR | 0.94 | 0.91–0.98 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.01 | 0.089 |
| CFMPS-PS | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.96 | 0.92–1.01 | 0.085 |
| (Intercept) | - | - | 0.006 | - | <0.001 |
PSU problematic smartphone use, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SAS Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, SDS Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, CFMPS-DA Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Doubts about Actions subscale, CFMPS-PE CFMPS-Parental Expectations subscale, CFMPS-CM CFMPS- Concern over Mistakes subscale, CFMPS-OR CFMPS-Organization subscale, CFMPS-PS CFMPS- Personal Standards subscale
aCriterion variable setting: 0 = non-PSU; 1 = PSU