Fig. 4.
PHACTR1 transcripts are differentially regulated by atherogenic and inflammatory stimuli. (A) Effect of LPS (10 ng/ml) on mRNA expression in primary human macrophages. The intermediate transcript was upregulated, but the short transcript was suppressed. TNFα (10 ng/ml) produced a directionally similar effect. (B) Exposure of macrophages to oxLDL (50 mcg/ml) caused modest downregulation of the intermediate transcript and strong upregulation of the short transcript. OxPAPC (30 mcg/ml) caused a directionally similar effect to oxLDL on PHACTR1 expression. (C) The intermediate transcript was upregulated by oxLDL in aortic endothelial cells. TNFα (10 ng/ml) caused upregulation of PHACTR1 at 6 and 48-h time points in aortic endothelial cells. The short transcript was not expressed in aortic endothelial cells. Cyclodextrin-cholesterol (10 mcg/ml) loading of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells had no effect on PHACTR1 expression. Significant differences are indicated by black lines with p values shown. The controls labelled on the x-axis represent the relevant buffer controls for each treatment.