Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics (n = 18)
| Age (years), mean (SD); range | 47.8 (10.1); 30–65 |
| Gender, N (%) | |
| Male | 6 (33.3) |
| Female | 12 (66.6) |
| # Cigarettes/day, mean (SD); range | 18.7 (16.1); 10–80 |
| Primary Diagnosis, N (%) | |
| Major depressive disorder | 12 (66.6) |
| Bipolar I, current episode depressed | 2 (16.6) |
| Bipolar II, current major depressive episode | 1 (7) |
| Depressive disorder not otherwise specified | 3 (21) |
| Comorbid Diagnoses, N (%) | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 7 (38.8) |
| Dysthymic disorder | 2 (11.1) |
| Social phobia | 3 (16.6) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 2 (11.1) |
| Alcohol abuse | 2 (11.1) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD); range | 29.5 (6.8); 18.4–49.7 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD); range | |
| Systolic | 124 (15); 90–150 |
| Diastolic | 75 (10); 60–90 |
| Primary Mood Medication, N (%) a | |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 8 (44.4) |
| Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 2 (11.1) |
| Mood stabilizer (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine) | 3 (16.6) |
| Other antidepressant b | 5 (27.7) |
| Duration of Primary Mood Medication Trial, weeks | |
| Mean (SD); range | 81 (104); 8–350+ |
| Number of Previous Primary Mood Medication Trials | |
| Mean (SD); range | 2.3 (1.2); 1–6 |
| Adjunctive Psychotropic Medications/Treatments, N (%) | |
| Antidepressants | 6 (33.3) |
| Mood stabilizers | 1 (5.5) |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 4 (22.2) |
| Benzodiazepines | 5 (27.7) |
| Other c | 8 (44.4) |
| Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self-Report (QIDS-SR 16) | |
| Total score, mean (SD); range | 12.9 (2.8); 8–19 |
| Clinical Global Impression – Severity (CGI-S), mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.1) |
| Patient-Rated Global Impression – Severity, mean (SD) | 2.7 (1.4) |
a
Primary mood medication based on primary diagnosis (i.e., mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, antidepressant for depressive disorder). If more than 1 medication was used, the first utilized was designated as primary.
b
Other antidepressants included bupropion (n = 2), mirtazapine (n = 2), amitriptyline (n = 1)
c
Other medications/treatments included liothyronine (n = 2), gabapentin (n = 2), modafinil (n = 2), prednisone (n = 1), trazodone (n = 4), vagus nerve stimulation (n = 1)