Table 2.
STAT3 and NF-κB target genes
| Gene | Regulated by RELA? |
Regulated by REL? |
Upregulated by STAT3?* |
Downregulated by STAT3?* |
STAT3 activators? |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCL-XL | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| MYC | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| BIRC5 (which encodes survivin) | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| MMP9 | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| MMP2 | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
|
CCND1 (which encodes cyclin D1) |
✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| HIF1α | ✓ | ✓ | 28,36 | |||
| ICAM1 | ✓ | ✓ | 36,149 | |||
| TWIST1 | ✓ | ✓ | 36,150 | |||
| VIM (which encodes vimentin) | ✓ | ✓ | 36,151 | |||
| MCL1 | ✓ | 28,152 | ||||
| HSP70 and HSP90 | ✓ | ✓ | 153 | |||
| IL-10 | ✓ | ✓ | 85,101,143 | |||
| VEGF | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4,28,36,154 | ||
| FGF2 (also known as BFGF) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4,84 | ||
| COX2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 36,87 | ||
| CXCL12 (also known as SDF1) | ✓ | ✓ | 155 | |||
| IL-11 | ✓ | ✓ | 13 | |||
| IL-23 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5,56 | ||
| IL-21 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 142 | ||
| IL-17 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 6,39 | ||
| IL-6 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 39,85,86,101,111 | |
| IL-12A (also known as P35) | ✓ | ✓ | 5,108 | |||
| CD80 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 28,111 | ||
| CD86 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 28,111 | ||
| CXCL10 (also known as IP-10) | ✓ | ✓ | 28,156 | |||
| IFNγ | ✓ | ✓ | 101,111 | |||
| IFNβ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 86,111 | ||
| CCL5 (also known as RANTES) | ✓ | ✓ | 86,156 | |||
| NOS2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 36,78,101 | ||
| IL-8 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 32,75,111 | ||
| IL-1β | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4,101,111 | ||
| CCL2 (also known as MCP1) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 36,98,156,157 |
CCL, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α; HSP, heat shock protein; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
*
STAT3 inhibits anti-tumour immunostimulatory genes and upregulates genes crucial for oncogenesis and cancer inflammation. This involves a feedforward loop that further activates STAT3 in the tumour microenvironment.