Table 2. Across-subject estimates of diurnal variation of ghrelin, adiponectin, and leptin in lean and obese men.
| Lean
|
Obese
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate (95% CI) | P | Estimate (95% CI) | P |
| Ghrelin | ||||
| Baseline B | 436.9 (418.6 to 455.1) | 408.9 (332.8 to 485.0) | ||
| Coefficient α | -34.8 (-79.8 to 10.3) | <0.0001 | -4.4 (-47.0 to 38.2) | 0.6561 |
| Coefficient β | 50.8 (24.4 to 77.1) | -0.6 (-28.7 to 27.5) | ||
| Amplitude A | 61.5 (32.0 to 91.0) | NE | ||
| Peak time φ | 5:43 (0302 to 0822 hours) | NE | ||
| Adiponectin | ||||
| Baseline B | 5.31 (4.68 to 5.94) | 2.61 (2.15 to 3.06) | ||
| Coefficient α | 0.47 (-0.03 to 0.98) | 0.0633 | 0.31 (0.02 to 0.60) | 0.0914 |
| Coefficient β | -0.35 (-0.83 to 0.13) | 0.04 (-0.15 to 0.23) | ||
| Amplitude A | NE | NE | ||
| Peak time φ | NE | NE | ||
| Leptin | ||||
| Baseline B | 3.43 (2.35 to 4.51) | 16.75 (10.52 to 22.98) | ||
| Coefficient α | -0.49 (-0.80 to -0.18) | <0.0001 | -3.05 (-4.30 to -1.80) | <0.0001 |
| Coefficient β | -0.28 (-0.58 to 0.02) | -1.22 (-2.41 to -0.03) | ||
| Amplitude A | 0.57 (0.34 to 0.78) | 3.28 (1.84 to 4.73) | ||
| Peak time φ | 0:01 (2128 to 0233 hours) | 0:34 (2327 to 0138 hours) |
Columns report parameter point-estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a semiparametric mixed-effects model. Within a group, the diurnal variation across subjects is identified by rejecting diurnal coefficients α = β = 0 using an F test (P values reported above). For hormones without significant diurnal variation, A and φ are not estimable (NE).