Table 4. Significant trajectory, descriptive, diagnostic, and cross-sectional parental expressed emotion domain statistics for teacher-report ODD LCGA groups in the full sample.
| Variable | ODD1 Low (n=312) | ODD2 Remitting (n=18) | ODD3 Worsening (n=51) | p | ES | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trajectory Information | |||||||
| Intercept (estimate, SE) | 0.4, 0.1+ | 4.9, 0.3+ | 4.0, 0.2+ | -- | -- | ||
| Slope (estimate, SE) | 0.0, 0.0 | -2.0, 0.4+ | 0.3, 0.1+ | -- | -- | ||
| Posterior Probability | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -- | -- | ||
| Demographic Data | |||||||
| Income ($K; mean, SD) | 88.1 (23.2) | 85.3 (25.1) | 80.0 (28.1) | .009 | 0.07 | ||
| FSIQ estimate (mean, SD) | 108.5 (13.7) | 115.0 (12.2) | 104.2 (16.9) | .016 | 0.02 | ||
| ADHD Subtype/Presentation | .003 | 0.17 | |||||
| Inattentive | 29.8% | 0.0% | 13.7% | ||||
| Combined | 70.2% | 100.0% | 86.3% | ||||
| Parent Rated ADHD and ODD Symptoms1- (mean, SD) | |||||||
| Time 1 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 4.1 (2.9) | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.6 (2.7) | .001 | 0.05 | ||
| Inattentive Symptoms | 5.8 (2.7) | 6.1 (3.0) | 6.1 (2.7) | .682 | 0.00 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 1.3 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.9) | 2.6 (2.3) | .001 | 0.06 | ||
| Time 2 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 3.5 (2.8) | 4.7 (2.5) | 5.1 (2.6) | .003 | 0.04 | ||
| Inattentive Symptoms | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.1 (3.3) | 5.6 (2.7) | .582 | 0.00 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.6 (2.0) | 2.3 (2.3) | .001 | 0.06 | ||
| Time 3 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 3.1 (2.9) | 3.8 (2.3) | 4.4 (3.2) | .041 | 0.03 | ||
| Inattentive Symptoms | 4.8 (3.1) | 4.2 (3.3) | 5.8 (3.3) | .163 | 0.02 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 0.9 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.6) | 2.7 (2.2) | .001 | 0.10 | ||
| Teacher Rated Symptoms- (mean, SD) | |||||||
| Time 1 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 2.9 (2.8) | 7.2 (1.9) | 5.2 (2.6) | .001 | 0.15 | ||
| Inattentive Symptoms | 4.4 (3.0) | 5.9 (2.8) | 5.7 (2.8) | .006 | 0.03 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 0.4 (0.9) | 7.1 (1.2) | 4.3 (2.0) | .001 | 0.75 | ||
| Time 2 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 2.5 (2.8) | 4.9 (2.5) | 4.6 (3.3) | .001 | 0.09 | ||
| Inattentive Symptoms | 3.7 (2.9) | 5.8 (3.0) | 5.1 (3.1) | .013 | 0.04 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 0.5 (1.2) | 3.5 (3.0) | 3.5 (2.2) | .001 | 0.39 | ||
| Time 3 | |||||||
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 2.4 (2.7) | 4.7 (2.4) | 5.2 (2.8) | .001 | 0.12 | ||
| ODD Symptoms | 0.4 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.0) | 3.0 (2.2) | .001 | 0.27 | ||
| Comorbid Disorders (%; via diagnostic team) at Time 1 | |||||||
| DBDs (CD, ODD) | 13.8% | 38.9% | 43.1% | .001 | 0.27 | ||
| Parental Expressed Emotion for Participants with Data at Two Time-Points (n=208) | |||||||
| Time 1 | n=169 | n=15, | n=24) | ||||
| 4Crit High | 36.7% | 35.7% | 70.8% | .006 | 0.23 | ||
| 5EOI High | 14.3% | 13.0% | 20.8% | .587 | 0.07 | ||
| Time 2 | |||||||
| Crit High | 19.2% | 16.7% | 23.5% | .733 | 0.04 | ||
| EOI High | 6.1% | 16.7% | 11.8% | .106 | 0.11 | ||
Notes to table. ES is partial eta squared, except for ADHD presentation, comorbid diagnosis, and EE variables are Phi. All data from Time 1 unless otherwise indicated.
Differing superscripts indicate significance for intercepts and slopes of relevant groups. P-values are for significant pairwise comparisons in ANOVA for continuous and Chi-square for categorical variables.
WISC-IV: Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, short form full scale IQ estimate;
Parent-rated hyperactive and inattentive symptoms and all teacher-rated symptoms from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale, parent-rated Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms from KSADS
Crit: Parental criticism rating from coding of the Five Minute Speech Sample;
EOI: Parental emotional over-involvement from coding of the Five Minute Speech Sample