Table 3. Change from baseline following intervention.
|
Metformin |
Untreated |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pretreatment |
Post-treatment |
Pretreatment |
Post-treatment |
||||||||||||||
| |
Mean | (S.d.) |
Mean | (S.d.) |
Mean | (S.d.) |
Mean | (S.d.) |
95% CI |
||||||||
| Tumour and metabolic parameters | Unit | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Median | Q1 | Q3 | Adjusted mean difference | Upper | Lower | P-value |
| Ki-67 proliferation index | % | 50.9 | (17.1) | 37.4 | (20.9) | 55.6 | (25.1) | 58.1 | (26.2) | −17.2 | −27.4 | −7.0 | 0.002 | ||||
| 49.8 | 40.6 | 60.4 | 34.9 | 25.8 | 53.6 | 60.1 | 36.6 | 76.2 | 60.5 | 46.4 | 79.2 | ||||||
| Body mass index | kg m−2 | 35.5 | (11.3) | 35.1 | (10.9) | 32.0 | (5.9) | 31.9 | (6.0) | −0.1 | −0.6 | 0.3 | 0.53 | ||||
| 34.1 | 26.8 | 42.9 | 34.4 | 26.4 | 41.9 | 33.2 | 27.0 | 34.8 | 32.6 | 27.1 | 35.2 | ||||||
| Waist/hip girth ratio | 0.9 | (0.1) | 0.9 | (0.1) | 0.9 | (0.1) | 0.9 | (0.1) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.97 | |||||
| 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | ||||||
| Glucose | mmol l−1 | 6.0 | (1.5) | 5.5 | (1.3) | 5.7 | (0.7) | 5.3 | (0.6) | 0.2 | −0.4 | 0.7 | 0.56 | ||||
| 5.6 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.6 | ||||||
| Insulin | mU l−1 | 16.0 | (9.4) | 9.9 | (7.1) | 12.3 | (8.0) | 9.6 | (4.5) | 12.0 | −5.9 | 2.3 | 0.38 | ||||
| 14.5 | 9.0 | 20.0 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 16.4 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 11.5 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 4.4 | (2.8) | 2.5 | (2.0) | 3.2 | (2.3) | 2.3 | (1.1) | −0.3 | −1.5 | 0.8 | 0.54 | |||||
| 4.6 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.8 | ||||||
| C-peptide | pmol l−1 | 1076.1 | (482.3) | 985.4 | (525.3) | 896.4 | (341.0) | 781.0 | (461.2) | 44.7 | −206.2 | 295.5 | 0.72 | ||||
| 1055.0 | 655.0 | 1365.0 | 1000.0 | 560.0 | 1295.0 | 860.0 | 605.0 | 1023.5 | 750.0 | 600.0 | 985.0 | ||||||
| Adiponectin | mg l−1 | 3.3 | (1.5) | 2.8 | (1.1) | 3.4 | (1.3) | 3.1 | (1.2) | −0.3 | −0.7 | 0.2 | 0.21 | ||||
| 2.6 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 4.1 | ||||||
| Leptin | ng ml−1 | 54.1 | (42.6) | 57.9 | (46.7) | 42.9 | (23.0) | 45.5 | (23.5) | −2.1 | −13.2 | 9.0 | 0.70 | ||||
| 55.0 | 19.3 | 82.5 | 52.7 | 20.2 | 84.1 | 42.8 | 21.5 | 63.9 | 43.8 | 27.6 | 63.8 | ||||||
| Ln (hsCRP) | mg l−1 | 1.3 | (1.3) | 0.8 | (1.4) | 0.9 | (1.1) | 0.6 | (1.2) | 0.0 | −0.8 | 0.8 | 0.99 | ||||
| 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | −0.2 | 1.7 | 1.0 | −0.5 | 1.4 | ||||||
Abbreviations: ANCOVA=analysis of covariance; BMI, body mass index; CI=confidence interval; HOMA-IR=homeostasis model of insulin resistance; hsCRP=high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
The treatment effect (adjusted mean difference) was analysed using an ANCOVA with post-treatment measurement as the response variable and baseline measurement, age, BMI, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and treatment arm as covariates. As some data were not normally distributed, median and quartiles are also presented. The italic entries show that certain figures are the median and IQR, whereas the other figures are the mean and s.d.