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. 2016 Jan 25;5(1):e190. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.50

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Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Oncogenesis is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Some of the metabolic pathways known to have altered flux or importance in hypoxia. Metabolic pathways described in the text are shown, as are the enzymes mentioned, shown in red. Thicker lines represent those pathways in which hypoxic cells have been shown to increase flux, or rely more on their activity. αKG, alpha-ketoglutarate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; 6PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; AcCoA, acetyl-Coenzyme A; ACO1/2, aconitase 1/2; ALD, aldolase; Asp, aspartate; Cit, citrate; CPS, cytidine triphosphate synthetase; Fum, fumarate; G3P, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Glu, glutamate; GLS, glutaminase; Gly, glycine; GPAT, glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase; GYS, glycogen synthase; HK, hexokinase; IDH1/2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; Mal, malate; ME, malic enzyme; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase; PYGL, glycogen phosphorylase; Pyr, pyruvate; Ser, serine; Suc, succinate.