Table 2. Biologic Pathways Identified by Means of IPA of Height-Associated Variants.*.
| Canonical Pathways in IPA | Q Value† | Ratio‡ | Proteins in Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factors promoting cardiogenesis in vertebrates |
0.003 | 0.07 | NKX2–5, BMP2, TGFB2, MEF2C, BMP6, PRKCZ, NOG |
| Growth hormone signaling | 0.03 | 0.06 | SOCS2, IGF1R, GH1, SOCS5, PRKCZ |
| Axonal guidance signaling | 0.03 | 0.06 | FGFR4, SOCS2, IGF1R, INSR, SOCS5 |
| STAT3 pathway | 0.03 | 0.03 | SLIT3, PAPPA2, PAPPA, RHOD, ADAM28, GNA12, BMP2, PTCH1, HHIP, NFATC4, BMP6, PRKCZ |
| BMP signaling pathway | 0.03 | 0.06 | NKX2-5, RUNX2, BMP2, BMP6, NOG |
| TGF-β signaling | 0.04 | 0.05 | NKX2-5, AMH, RUNX2, BMP2, TGFB2 |
| IGF-1 signaling | 0.049 | 0.05 | SOCS2, IGF1R, IGFBP7, SOCS5, PRKCZ |
*
BMP denotes bone morphogenetic protein, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1, IPA Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and TGF-β transforming growth factor β.
†
The Q value was calculated with the use of the Benjamini–Hochberg method for determining the false discovery rate.
‡
The ratio is the proportion of the genes in the IPA that were part of the input list for the height-related genes.