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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2012 Aug 1;33(31):7746–7755. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.019

Figure 2.

Figure 2

CNPs induce angiogenesis in HUVEC cell culture model. HUVEC cells were cultured with vehicle (control), 10μM β-estradiol (negative control), 30ng rVEGF (positive control) and varying concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticles (100nM to 1μM CNPI or CNPII) and tube formation counted as the number of branches at 10X magnification after 8hr of treatment. Data represents the mean of at least six different experiments and the plotted error represents the standard deviation. Number of tubes formed when cells were exposed to different concentrations of CNPI and CNPII is shown in panels A and B respectively. Images of tubes formed in beta-estradiol (C), control (D), VEGF treated (E), 1μM CNPI treated (F) and 1000 nM CNPII treated (G) after 8 hr of incubation are shown.