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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Sep;1349(1):64–82. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12882

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Acute nicotine effects on rsFC. In smokers, acute nicotine enhances rsFC throughout the brain. (A) Smokers administered nicotine gum display changes in nodal topology—increased nodal efficiency (red) and decreased clustering (yellow). Note the contrast with the reductions of network efficiency with chronic nicotine exposure in Figure 2A. Figure modified from Ref. 105. (B) Acute nicotine increases connectivity in circuits with a variety of cingulate seeds. Note the contrast to the effects of chronic nicotine in Figure 2B. Figure modified from Ref. 69. dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); dPCC, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); MCC, middle cingulate cortex; oACC, rostral ACC; RSC, retrosplenial cortex; sACC, subcallosal ACC; vPCC, ventral PCC.