Table 1.
Drug/Device Effects of Mortality Compared With Placebo in Patients With Heart Failure and LVD
| Intervention (Ref. #) | No. of Studies (n) | OR† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Amiodarone (17) | 1 (674) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) |
| Amlodipine (46) | 1 (1,153) | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) |
| Bucindolol (19) | 1 (2,708) | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) |
| Bisoprolol (47) | 1 (2,647) | 0.64 (0.51–0.79) |
| CRT (48) | 2 (1,738) | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) |
| Candesartan (49 and 50) | 2 (4,576) | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) |
| Captopril (51) | 1 (2,231) | 0.79 (0.64–0.96) |
| Carvedilol (52, 53 and 54) | 3 (5,342) | 0.62 (0.47–0.81) |
| Digoxin (55) | 1 (6,800) | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) |
| Enalapril (56) | 1 (2,569) | 0.82 (0.70–0.97) |
| Enalapril-Prev (57) | 1 (4,228) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) |
| Enoximone (58) | 1 (1,854) | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) |
| Etanercept (4) | 1 (2,356) | 1.22 (0.93–1.61) |
| Felodipine (59) | 1 (450) | 1.07 (0.62–1.84) |
| Flosequinan (60) | 1 (2,345) | 1.42 (1.15–1.76) |
| Hydralazine-ISDN (16 and 61) | 2 (1,509) | 0.70 (0.51–0.96) |
| Ibopamine (62) | 1 (1,906) | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) |
| Metoprolol CR (63) | 1 (3,991) | 0.67 (0.54–0.83) |
| Mibefradil (44) | 1 (2,571) | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) |
| Milrinone (64) | 1 (1,088) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) |
| Moxonidine (65) | 1 (1,934) | 1.64 (1.05–2.57) |
| Prazosin (16) | 1 (456) | 1.26 (0.87–1.84) |
| Spironolactone (66) | 1 (1,663) | 0.62 (0.51–0.76) |
| Tolvaptan (67) | 1 (4,134) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) |
| Valsartan (18) | 1 (5,010) | 1.02 (0.89–1.18) |
CI = confidence interval; CR = controlled release; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; ISDN = isosorbide dinitrate; Prev = Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction Prevention trial.
• Enalapril was examined separately when studied in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), as this was the only trial which exclusively examined patients with asymptomatic LVD.
†
When >1 trial existed for a specific therapy, meta-analysis was used to calculate the mortality odds ratio (OR).